%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Collaboration Strategies in Innovation Ecosystems: An Empirical Study of the German Microelectronics and Photonics Industries %A Fabian Schroth %A Johann Jakob Häußermann %K business ecosystem %K collaboration %K development and innovation %K innovation ecosystem %K innovation ecosystem strategies %K knowledge ecosystem %K microelectronics %K photonics %K research %X Effective collaboration between companies and research organizations is key to successful innovation systems. Against the background of digitalization, a shift from traditional innovation systems towards innovation ecosystems can be observed. In this article, we investigate how companies operating in innovation ecosystems address the challenge of collaboration in dynamic innovation ecosystems. We focus on microelectronics and photonics in Germany as examples of knowledge- and research-intensive industries and analyze the strategies of companies to collaborate with research organizations. We explore whether and to what extent companies develop different and new strategies for collaborating with research institutions within innovation ecosystems, on the basis of which we identify two ideal types of strategies. Whereas ideal type A is aiming towards obtaining specific knowledge in order to further develop a particular technology or product (i.e., towards incremental innovation), ideal type B seeks to harness the new and full potential of innovation ecosystems (i.e., aiming at rather radical innovation). Finally, our findings contribute to a better understanding of innovation ecosystems and give managerial implications for collaborating in such systems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 4-12 %8 11/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1195 %N 11 %1 Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO Fabian Schroth is Senior Scientist at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO. His overall research interest is on sociotechnical innovation processes, and he is particularly interested in realizing the potential of multi-stakeholder engagement for the development of technologies and innovation. Therefore, his current projects focus on innovation in rural areas, the integration of civil society in research, development and innovation processes, and knowledge and technology transfer. He holds a doctoral degree in Sociology. In his doctoral dissertation, he developed an approach of responsible governance experiments in the field of climate politics. %2 Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO and TUM School of Governance Johann Jakob Häußermann works at the Fraunhofer Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany, and is currently doing his doctorate at the TUM School of Governance at the Technical University Munich. He holds a Master’s Degree in Philosophy, with minors in Politics and Economics. He works at the intersection of ethics, innovation, and technology both from a theoretical as well as practice-oriented perspective. In his PhD, he is developing an integrated concept of responsible innovation that combines the ethics of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence with companies’ corporate (digital) responsibility. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1195 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Q&A. Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Research: Where Are We Now and How Do We Move Forward? %A Paavo Ritala %A Robin Gustafsson %K approaches %K business ecosystem %K entrepreneurial ecosystem %K innovation ecosystem %K methods %K research %K theoretical foundations %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 52-57 %8 07/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1171 %N 7 %1 Lappeenranta University of Technology Paavo Ritala, D.Sc. (Econ. & Bus. Adm.) is a Professor of Strategy and Innovation at the School of Business and Management at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland. He is interested in questions and themes around organizing heterogeneous systems and networks, where different actors and institutions co-evolve, collaborate, and compete. In particular, his research has focused on the topics of value creation and appropriation, innovation, networks and ecosystems, coopetition, business models, and sustainable value creation. His research has been published in journals such as Research Policy, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, and Technological Forecasting & Social Change. He is also closely involved with business practice over these topics through company-funded research projects, executive and professional education programs, and in speaker and advisory roles. Prof. Ritala currently serves as an Associate Editor of R&D Management. %2 Aalto University Robin Gustafsson is Department Vice-Head for Research and Associate Professor of Strategic Management at Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, Finland. His research focuses on strategy and organization in industry and market disruptions (especially technology-induced disruptions). His research and teaching are increasingly focused on how digital is disrupting existing industries and markets, successful digital platform strategies, new sources of competitive advantage arising from digitalization, open digital platforms, and multi-sided platforms, and corporate digital strategies. His research has been published in journals such as Academy of Management Journal, Research Policy, and Technological Forecasting & Social Change. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1171 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T The Cuckoo’s Nest Approach for Co-Creating Business Ecosystems in Smart Cities %A Karlos Artto %A Riikka Kyrö %A Tuomas Ahola %A Antti Peltokorpi %A Kristiina Sandqvist %K business ecosystem %K business network %K campus development %K co-creation %K co-design %K collective action %K Cuckoo’s Nest Approach %K participatory planning %K smart cities %K sustainability %X The development of business ecosystems in smart cities is currently hampered by the absence of established approaches for facilitating long-term value and sustainability. In our view, the underlying reason is the lack of collective action involving various organizations in the design process. Collective action for the good of the whole ecosystem does not take place in existing participatory practices because of the dominating role of a single customer or designer organization (in urban development projects typically the owner-developer or lead architect), who uses their bargaining and decision-making power over others. This leads to sub-optimal behaviour where the system is optimized for the goals of one strong organization instead of collectively developed system-level goals of the business ecosystem as a whole. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach addresses this problem by inviting various expert organizations to design the system and assigning each organization design rights for the ecosystem and its system-level goal. The Cuckoo’s Nest approach enhances collective action among the organizations by making individuals from various organizations consider the interests, goals, objectives, and value-adding elements of other organizations – not just those of their own organizations. With the Cuckoo’s Nest approach, the business ecosystem comes first, and single organizations’ goals or specific design features come second. This article discusses the outcomes of two workshops where the Cuckoo’s Nest approach was used for the purpose of developing business ecosystems in connection with smart city development projects within the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. We outline the steps involved in the Cuckoo’s Nest approach and how they were applied in these two smart city projects, and we describe how it is being refined for further use in other locations and contexts. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 26-37 %8 12/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1039 %N 12 %1 Aalto University Karlos Artto is a Professor and Lead of Project Business at Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland. Dr. Artto’s long experience working in industry and the multiple research projects he conducted with global firms and domestic organizations provide a strong empirical basis for his academic achievements. His publications include more than 50 articles in refereed journals and more than 200 academic papers, book chapters, and books on project business and the management of project-based firms. He belongs to editorial boards of several project management journals. Dr. Artto has supervised 12 doctoral dissertations and more than 180 master’s theses. %2 Aalto University Riikka Kyrö is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Aalto University School of Science, Finland. Dr. Kyrö earned an M Sc in Real Estate Economics in 2005 from the Helsinki University of Technology and a DrSc (Tech) in Real Estate Business in 2013 from the Aalto University School of Engineering. Outside academia, she has six years of industry experience working with environmental consulting and sustainability in corporate real estate management. Dr. Kyrö has published nearly 30 academic articles in the field of the built environment. %3 Tampere University of Technology Tuomas Ahola is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Management at the Tampere University of Technology, Finland, as well as an Adjunct Professor of Project Management at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Dr. Ahola specializes in inter-organizational networks in the context of project business. He has published more than 15 peer-reviewed journal articles. Dr. Ahola lectures on various content areas of project business for both academic and industry audiences. %4 Aalto University Antti Peltokorpi is an Assistant Professor of Operations Management in Construction at Aalto University School of Engineering, Finland. Dr. Peltokorpi holds a DrSc (Tech) in Operations Management from the Aalto University School of Science. His research includes studies on service innovations, service production strategies, and production planning and control. Dr. Peltokorpi's research interests include value creation in business networks and supply chains, especially in the built environment, the construction industry, and healthcare. %# Aalto University Kristiina Sandqvist is a MA student in Collaborative and Industrial Design at Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in Finland. Ms. Sandqvist has industry experience as a service designer and is interested in the development and application of co-creation methods as well as the emerging roles of designers as facilitators. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1039 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Business, Innovation, and Knowledge Ecosystems: How They Differ and How to Survive and Thrive within Them %A Katri Valkokari %K business ecosystem %K communities %K conceptual paper %K ecosystem %K innovation ecosystem %K knowledge ecosystem %K logic of action %K man-made ecosystem %K platforms %X In management studies, the ecosystem metaphor is often utilized without clear definition and, thereby, several partially overlapping concepts such as industrial, business, service, innovation, and knowledge ecosystems have been introduced. The purpose of this conceptual article is to go beyond the confusion to define what is meant by different concepts regarding an ecosystem and especially describe the relationships between the three different ecosystem types: business, innovation, and knowledge ecosystems. The article contributes to the literature by describing how the ecosystem types differ in terms of their outcomes, interactions, logic of action, and actor roles. The results show that the three ecosystem types are interconnected from the viewpoint of the ecosystem actor. For practitioners, the article sheds more light on how the rules of the game (i.e., the logic of action) differ in the different types of ecosystems and demonstrates that different models are needed in order to operate in different ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 17-24 %8 08/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/919 %N 8 %1 VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) Katri Valkokari works as a Principal Scientist at VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland) in the Business Ecosystems, Value Chains and Foresight research area. Over the past 15 years, she has carried out several development projects concerning different networked business arrangements (ecosystems, networks, partnerships, and firms). In 2009, Katri completed her doctoral thesis on business network development. She has published several international and national articles in the research areas of business network management, collaboration, organizational knowledge, and innovation management. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/919 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T Who Inhabits a Business Ecosystem? The Technospecies as a Unifying Concept %A Michael L. Weber %A Michael J. Hine %K business ecosystem %K business environment %K complex adaptive systems %K technospecies %X Currently, many terms are used to describe business ecosystems and their inhabitants. These terms have meanings that can cause definitional confusion and an ambiguous level of analysis as to what constitutes a business ecosystem. To understand business ecosystem relationships, an unambiguous understanding of the ecosystem components is required. The importance of standardized terminology and clear definitions of these components has been recognized in the literature. From a managerial perspective, identifying the relationships a firm is situated in is valuable and useful information that can be practically applied. We propose a business ecosystem model anchored around interdependent technospecies similar to the biological model that many of the existing concepts are drawn from. Technospecies are unique entities based on their organizational routines, capabilities, and use of technology. This article will present an alternative formulation of the business ecosystem model with the aim of synthesizing the diverse terminology presently in use into a concise, common language. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 31-44 %8 05/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/896 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Michael L. Weber is a PhD candidate in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and he is the undergraduate lab coordinator in Carleton University's Department of Biology He holds a BScH degree in Biology and an MMS degree in Information Technology, also from Carleton University. His primary research interests are in food supply chain security, business ecosystems, and electronic communication and negotiation. He has published in journals including Group Decision and Negotiation and Electronic Markets. %2 Carleton University Michael J. Hine is an Associate Professor of Information Systems in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. His primary research interests are in online services, online reviews, health informatics and how individual human differences play out in computer-mediated work environments. In addition to BCom and MSc degrees, he holds a PhD in Computer Information Systems from Arizona State University. He has published in journals including but not limited to, the Journal of Management Information Systems, Communications of the ACM, Group Decision and Negotiation, and Electronic Markets. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/896 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration in an Open Source Ecosystem %A Derek Smith %A Asrar Alshaikh %A Rawan Bojan %A Anish Kak %A Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh %K business ecosystem %K collaboration %K collaboration barriers %K communities %K competitors %K complementors %K core community %K governance %K open source %X Leveraging open source practices provides value to businesses when entrepreneurs and managers understand how to collaborate effectively in an open source ecosystem. However, the complex mix of different actors and varying barriers to effective collaboration in the ecosystem pose a substantial challenge. How can a business create and capture value if it depends on effective collaboration among these different groups? In this article, we review the published research on open source collaboration and reveal insights that will be beneficial to entrepreneurs and managers. We organize the published research into four streams based upon the following actor groups: i) governance actors, ii) competitors, iii) complementors, and iv) the core community. Then, through induction and synthesis, we identify barriers to collaboration, first by ecosystem and then by actor group. Finally, we offer six recommendations for identifying and overcoming barriers to collaboration in an open source ecosystem. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 18-27 %8 01/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/758 %N 1 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses with difficult intellectual property issues. He has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %2 Carleton University Asrar Abdulqader Alshaikh is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She holds a Bachelor of Accounting degree from King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Her work experience includes customer service in a sale for distribution and communication company as well as working for the Alahli Bank (NCB) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Her main area of research interest is collaborative consumption. %3 Carleton University Rawan Mohammad Bojan is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has professional experience in the banking industry and holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. %4 Carleton University Anish Kak is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a BEng degree in Computer Science Engineering, from Birla Institute of Technology in India. Anish has two years of experience in the information technology services sector, which he gained while working for Hewlett-Packard in India. His research interests include the electronic sports ecosystem. %# Carleton University Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds an MBA degree from Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business and also has a degree in Biomedical Engineering from Tehran Polytechnic University in Iran. He has 5 years of working experience in a medical equipment company and his main area of interest relates to crowdsourcing and international business. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/758 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Developing an Innovation Engine to Make Canada a Global Leader in Cybersecurity %A Tony Bailetti %A Dan Craigen %A David Hudson %A Renaud Levesque %A Stuart McKeen %A D’Arcy Walsh %K business ecosystem %K cybersecurity %K innovation engine %K innovation in commercialization %K innovation in research and development %X An engine designed to convert innovation into a country’s global leadership position in a specific product market is examined in this article, using Canada and cybersecurity as an example. Five entities are core to the innovation engine: an ecosystem, a project community, an external community, a platform, and a corporation. The ecosystem is the focus of innovation in firm-specific factors that determine outcomes in global competition; the project community is the focus of innovation in research and development; and the external community is the focus of innovation in resources produced and used by economic actors that operate outside of the focal product market. Strategic intent, governance, resource flows, and organizational agreements bind the five entities together. Operating the innovation engine in Canada is expected to improve the level and quality of prosperity, security, and capacity of Canadians, increase the number of Canadian-based companies that successfully compete globally in cybersecurity product markets, and better protect Canada’s critical infrastructure. Researchers interested in learning how to create, implement, improve, and grow innovation engines will find this article interesting. The article will also be of interest to senior management teams in industry and government, chief information and technology officers, social and policy analysts, academics, and individual citizens who wish to learn how to secure cyberspace. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-14 %8 08/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/711 %N 8 %1 Carleton University Tony Bailetti is an Associate Professor in the Sprott School of Business and the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Professor Bailetti is the Director of Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research, teaching, and community contributions support technology entrepreneurship, regional economic development, and international co-innovation. %2 Communications Security Establishment Canada Dan Craigen is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). Previously, he was President of ORA Canada, a company that focused on High Assurance/Formal Methods and distributed its technology to over 60 countries. His research interests include formal methods, the science of cybersecurity, and technology transfer. He was the chair of two NATO research task groups pertaining to validation, verification, and certification of embedded systems and high-assurance technologies. He received his BScH in Math and his MSc in Math from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %3 Carleton University David Hudson has recently completed his doctoral studies at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Business in Ottawa, Canada. He is a lecturer in information technology innovation in the MBA program at Sprott, a Director of the Lead to Win entrepreneurship program, and Chair of the Ontario Centres of Excellence advisory board for the Information, Communication, and Digital Media sector. David also consults with Fortune 500 firms on innovation management. Previously, he was the Vice President for advanced research and development at a large technology firm and has had an extensive career in technology development and product line management. David received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Systems Design Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada. %4 Communications Security Establishment Canada Renaud Levesque is the Director General of Core Systems at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC), where he is responsible for R&D and systems development. He has significant experience in the delivery of capability and organizational change in highly technical environments. His career began at CSEC in 1986 as a Systems Engineer, responsible for the development and deployment of numerous systems, including the CSEC IP corporate network in 1991. In 2000 Renaud went to work in the private sector as Head of Speech Technologies at Locus Dialogue, and later at Infospace Inc., where he became Director of Speech Solutions Engineering. He rejoined CSEC in 2003, where he assumed the lead role in the IT R&D section. Subsequently, as a Director General, he focused efforts towards the emergence of CSEC's Joint Research Office and The Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing. Renaud holds a Bachelor of Engineering from l’École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal, Canada. %# Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Stuart McKeen works for the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (MRI), where he just finished serving a three-year secondment with the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev). At FedDev, he was both the Agency’s Manager of Innovation and the Manager of Entrepreneurship, Internship, and Youth Programs. He has worked in six different ministries of the Ontario Government over the past 30 years. In 2008, he was awarded the Amethyst Award, the Province of Ontario’s highest employee recognition award for his pioneering work on prospecting and developing large-scale international research consortiums that have brought jobs and investment to Ontario. Stuart holds a BScH degree in Zoology from the University of Western Ontario, Canada and a BA degree in Economics from the University of Toronto, Canada. %$ Communications Security Establishment Canada D’Arcy Walsh is a Science Advisor at the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSEC). His research interests include software-engineering methods and techniques that support the development and deployment of dynamic systems, including dynamic languages, dynamic configuration, context-aware systems, and autonomic and autonomous systems. He received his BAH from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, and he received his BCS, his MCS, and his PhD in Computer Science from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/711 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Navigating Risk When Entering and Participating in a Business Ecosystem %A Derek Smith %K business ecosystem %K due diligence %K entrepreneurs %K literature review %K mitigation %K risk %K risk identification %K startups %K threat management %X Entrepreneurs typically have limited resources during the start-up phase of a business. Business ecosystems are a strategy for entrepreneurs to access and exchange many different aspects of value, resources, and benefits. However, there may be business risks for entering a particular type of ecosystem, and further risks may be encountered after entering and participating in a business ecosystem. These risks are significant and can inhibit a startup's growth. In this article, the literature on business ecosystems is reviewed as it relates to risk to discover insights of relevance to entrepreneurs, top management teams, and business-ecosystem operators. First, the published research is organized into two streams: i) risks relating to categories of business ecosystems, and ii) risks relating to participating in business ecosystems. Then, the problem is abstracted to develop a potential strategy for managing these risks, which features a pre-entry inspection followed by real-time resource management. Finally, five recommendations are offered for entrepreneurs seeking to enter and participate in business ecosystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 25-33 %8 05/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/685 %N 5 %1 Carleton University Derek Smith is the founder and principal of Magneto Innovention Management, an intellectual property consulting firm that assists entrepreneurs and small businesses to navigate and grow their international patent portfolios. He has over 20 years of experience working as an intellectual property management consultant and patent agent for IBM Canada, Bell Canada and, most recently, Husky Injection Molding Systems where he was Director, Global Intellectual Property. Prior to entering the field of intellectual property, he was an advisory engineer at IBM Canada where he was involved in a variety of leading-edge software development projects. Derek is currently a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He also holds a BEng degree in Systems and Computer Engineering from Carleton University and is a registered patent agent in both Canada and the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/685 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2013 %T Platforms, Communities, and Business Ecosystems: Lessons Learned about Technology Entrepreneurship in an Interconnected World %A Steven Muegge %K architecture of participation %K business ecosystem %K community %K platform %K technology entrepreneurship %X Technology entrepreneurs are increasingly building businesses that are deliberately anchored in platforms, communities, and business ecosystems. Nonetheless, actionable, evidence-based advice for technology entrepreneurs is scarce. Platforms, communities, and ecosystems are active areas of management research, but until recently, each has been studied in separate research programs, with results published in different venues, and often examined from the perspectives of incumbent managers or policy makers rather than entrepreneurs and new entrants. This article re-examines these phenomena from the perspective of technology entrepreneurs facing strategic choices about interconnected systems of platforms, communities, and business ecosystems, and decisions about the nature and extent of participation. It brings together insights from a wide range of published sources. For entrepreneurs, it provides an accessible introduction to what can be a complex topic, identifies a set of practical considerations to be accounted for in decision-making, and offers a guide for further reading. For researchers and graduate students seeking practical and high-impact research problems, it provides an entry point to the research literature and identifies gaps in the current body of knowledge, especially regarding the system-level interactions between subsystems. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 3 %P 5-15 %8 02/2013 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/655 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is an Assistant Professor at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, technology entrepreneurship, product development, and commercialization of technological innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/655 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2011 %T Business Ecosystems as Institutions of Participation: A Systems Perspective on Community-Developed Platforms %A Steven Muegge %K architecture of participation %K business ecosystem %K community-developed platform %K institutional analysis and design (IAD) %K meritocratic developer community %X This article introduces a systems perspective on community-developed platforms and the institutions that structure participation by individuals and companies. It brings together the past research about technology platforms, company participation in business ecosystems, and individual participation in developer communities, and links these codependent subsystems through resource flows, interconnected institutional arrangements, and shared governance. To achieve this synthesis, it draws on conceptual arguments from a broad range of sources, including Elinor Ostrom's research program on the economics of sustainable commons governance, Tim O'Reilly's practitioner essays about the architecture of participation, and prior management research on modularity and design, resource dependence, and systems thinking. The resulting “systems of systems” perspective is parsimonious and insightful for entrepreneurs, managers, and community leaders. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 1 %P 4-13 %8 11/2011 %U http://timreview.ca/article/495 %N 2 %1 Carleton University Steven Muegge is a faculty member at the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he teaches within the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) program. His research interests include open and distributed innovation, entrepreneurship around community-developed platforms, and product development. The ideas presented in this article were an outcome of his doctoral research on participation in business ecosystems. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/495