%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries: An evidence-based systematic review and bibliometric analysis %A Abu Naser Mohammad Saif %A K. M. Anwarul Islam %A Afruza Haque %A Hamida Akhter %A S.M. Masudur Rahman %A Nusrat Jafrin %A Rasheda Akter Rupa and Rehnuma Mostafa %K bibliometric analysis %K blockchain %K challenges %K developing country %K implementation %K PRISMA %K systematic review %K VOSviewer %X Contemporary research on technology and innovation management has gauged blockchain as a catalyst for the electronic-information era. As developing countries around the globe are facing challenges to adopt and implement blockchain, this evidence-based systematic review aims to identify the implementation challenges of blockchain technology for developing countries. A total of 1,298 published documents during the period 2016-2021 from the Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect databases were explored to recognize 19 appropriate publications for research analysis using a PRISMA flow diagram. Based on the identified challenges from the thorough reviews of these 19 publications, using the association technique, the authors developed four comprehensive themes as broad challenges: technological, governance, organizational and environmental, and knowledge. Later, they performed bibliometric analyses using VOSviewer 1.6.17, and based on the bibliometric evidence constructed term co-occurrence network plots. The results show that developing countries face challenges vis-à-vis technological, governance, organizational and environmental, and knowledge issues when implementing blockchain technology. Hence, to make blockchain adoption and implementation processes successful in developing countries, these broad categories of challenges must be properly addressed. In addition, practitioners of disruptive technology, policymakers, consultants, IT experts, business people, top company managers, and above all, respective governments need to pay attention to these challenges for accelerating the blockchain adoption and implementation process in developing countries. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010202 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1479 %N 1/2 %1 University of Dhaka Abu Naser Mohammad Saif serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. He has published high-impact research articles in the top peer-reviewed Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals. His recent Scopus and Web of Science indexed book chapter has appeared in a Taylor & Francis Hardcover. He acted as Resource Person as well as Session Chair in the International Conference organized by Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India. As well, he has presented research papers at various international conferences held in Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. He achieved the ‘Best Paper Award’ in the 1st International Youth Conference 2021 jointly organized by Penang Youth Development Corporation and Universiti Sains Malaysia. His research interests include innovation and technology, enterprise information systems, sustainable human resource development, green supply chain management, blockchain, and technology acceptance models for industry-specific studies. %2 The Millennium University K. M. Anwarul Islam serves as an Associate Professor in the Department of Business Administration at The Millennium University, Bangladesh. He completed his graduation from the University of Dhaka and currently is pursuing a PhD in Malaysia. He has over 100 scientific papers, either presented or published, in reputed journals indexed in ABDC, ERA, ABS, Scopus, and WoS. He is an internationally recognized expert in many areas of Islamic Finance and Banking. He has served as a member of various research and scientific societies and acted on a number of institutional committees. Additionally, he has written five books. He is the Founder and Editor-In-Chief of Indian Journal of Finance and Banking, USA (ABDC Rank), International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, USA (ABDC Rank), and International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research (USA). %3 Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology Afruza Haque serves as a Lecturer in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh. She earned her BBA and MBA in Management Information Systems from the University of Dhaka, where she placed third and second, respectively. Ms. Haque has published research articles in several reputed peer-reviewed journals and presented research papers at different international conferences. Her research interests include FinTech, big data, blockchain technology, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and public policy. %4 University of Dhaka Hamida Akhter serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. She earned an MBA with distinction from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Her research interests include green technology, social informatics, IoT, and artificial intelligence. %# Swinburne University of Technology S.M. Masudur Rahman is a Master of Business (Research) student in the Faculty of Business, Design and Arts (FBDA) at the Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, Malaysia. Mr. Masud has published quality research articles in the top peer-reviewed journals such as Global Business and Economics Review, International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. He also presented research papers at different international conferences held in Malaysia, and Bangladesh. He received BBA with distinction from the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. He got a Dean’s Merit Award and Dean’s Honor Award for his outstanding academic performance in the BBA program. His current research interests include finance and accounting, financial econometrics, CSR, innovation and entrepreneurship, and sustainable development. %$ University of Dhaka Nusrat Jafrin serves as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Population Sciences at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Since joining, she has been involved as a core member of national-level research projects related to demography in collaboration with the UNFPA, Bangladesh. She has published quality research articles in top-tier journals such as Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Population Review, Demografie, International Journal of Social Economics, Operations Research and Decisions, and Cogent Education. Her research interests include economic demography, development economics, sustainable development, poverty and inequality, population and environment. Her latest Scopus and Web of Science indexed book chapter appeared in a Taylor & Francis Hardcover. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD at the Faculty of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. %] Prime University Rasheda Akter Rupa serves as a Lecturer in the Department of Business Administration at Prime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. She earned an MBA in Management Information Systems from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ms. Rupa achieved the Prime Minister Gold Medal 2017 for her outstanding academic performance in the BBA program at the University of Dhaka. Her research interests include big data, artificial intelligence, and green supply chain management. Her latest research article on green supply chain management appeared in an ABS, ABDC, and Scopus indexed SAGE journal. and Universiti Malaysia Perlis Rehnuma Mostafa is pursuing her PhD in Management at the Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. She earned an MBA in Management from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. She has published quality research articles in top peer-reviewed journals such as LogForum, Cogent Education. Her research interests include human resource management, innovation management, and media management. She is a well-known Bangladeshi media personality and public relations specialist. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1479 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T The Diffusion of Blockchain as a General Purpose Technology Driving Digital Transformation %A Jason Windawi %K blockchain %K digital %K general purpose technology %K innovation %K institutions %K transformation %X Digital transformation as a process is integrally linked to the creation and diffusion of a set of general purpose technologies (GPTs) that provide both the motive force, as well as the means, for the transformation of existing industries and the creation of entirely new ones. This article takes as its subject the diffusion of one such technology - blockchain - and explores the relationship between the Schumpeterian innovation at the core of its diffusion and digital transformation as a macro process. Theoretically, I work from Rogers' definition of diffusion as a locally heterogeneous process in which variation in a new technology’s use and adaptation are driven by the decisions of entrepreneurs working in specific contexts, as well as Schumpeter's concept of innovation as a form of recombination. I explore variation in these processes of innovation and recombination across three broad clusters of implementations: Digital Economies, Extra-Institutional Trust, and Digital Finance. I find that each of these clusters is marked by a distinct form of innovation defined by differing patterns of recombination with other digital GPTs, and by the role that institutions and institutional actors play in this variation. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010201 %8 05-2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1478 %N 1/2 %1 Princeton University and Rook DAO A. Jason Windawi is a blockchain researcher and the Organizational and Design Lead at Rook DAO. He recently completed a PhD in Sociology at Princeton University, where his dissertation research examined blockchain technology as a form of digital transformation, as well as new forms of organization and governance involved in its implementation. He holds an MA in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences from Columbia University and an AB in Political Science from Stanford University. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1478 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Interview: Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services. Part I: Transformation and Adoption of DLTs, Technology and Innovation, Markets and Money Management %A Maryanne Morrow %A Matthew Midson %A Gregory Sandstrom %K blockchain %K digital transformation %K distributed ledger technology %K FinTech %K Real Time Settlement %X This interview on “Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services” between 9th Gear Technologies, Inc., CPQi and the TIM Review took place on April 22nd and 29th, 2022. The interviewees were Maryanne Morrow, CEO, Founder, and Chairman of 9th Gear, and Matthew Midson, CEO, North America, CPQi. The interview was conducted by Gregory Sandstrom, Managing Editor, TIM Review. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010205 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1482 %N 1/2 %1 9th Gear Technologies Maryanne brings more than 25 years as a corporate veteran in the financial, marketing and advertising industries to her role as founder and CEO of 9th Gear Technologies where she is responsible for leading corporate strategy, scaling the company and investor relations. She is a capital markets specialist, launching a family of mutual funds and architecting fee-based asset management platforms for banks, broker dealers and insurance firms. Maryanne previously served as CEO of SurgeXLR, a boutique accelerator she founded that focused on faster paths to monetization. She was also involved in two successful exits (to Standard & Poor’s and BNP Paribas), and consulted on the custom content and advertising efforts of many financial firms while working at The Wall Street Journal. Maryanne is an active angel investor and an expert on distributed ledger technology, ICOs and cryptocurrency. Maryanne was educated at Cornell University (Material Science Engineering), LeMoyne (Finance) and Whittier Law School with continuous learning at Stanford University (Scaling Blockchain, Valuation Modeling, Angel Investing and part of the Blockchain Club). %2 CPQi Matt leads CPQi North American practice and is responsible for all aspects of the IT consulting business. Matt has over 29 years of combined industry and consulting experience in the Financial Services Industry. Prior to his more recent management consulting roles, Matt held long tenures in several large Global Banks (HSBC, Société Générale, Deutsche Bank, RBS), managing all aspects of Technology and Business focused heavily on Global Capital Markets and Global Banking sectors. Matt has a proven record in delivering business and technology strategies to support growth of business revenue plans, operational effectiveness initiatives, while balancing the demands of today’s highly regulated environment. Matt’s extensive financial services career originated from hands-on execution roles, through middle/upper management to an experienced CIO. His senior leadership roles have involved leading large diverse direct and non-direct teams in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. %3 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1482 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2022 %T Interview: Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services. Part II: Governance and Legal Issues, Future Opportunities, Development Needs and Research Pathways %A Maryanne Morrow %A Matthew Midson %A Gregory Sandstrom %K blockchain %K digital transformation %K distributed ledger technology %K FinTech %K Real Time Settlement %X This interview on “Blockchain and Digital Transformation in Financial Services” between 9th Gear Technologies, Inc., CPQi and the TIM Review took place on April 22nd and 29th, 2022. The interviewees were Maryanne Morrow, CEO, Founder, and Chairman of 9th Gear, and Matthew Midson, CEO, North America, CPQi. The interview was conducted by Gregory Sandstrom, Managing Editor, TIM Review. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 12 %P 22010206 %8 05/2022 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1483 %N 1/2 %1 9th Gear Technologies Maryanne brings more than 25 years as a corporate veteran in the financial, marketing and advertising industries to her role as founder and CEO of 9th Gear Technologies where she is responsible for leading corporate strategy, scaling the company and investor relations. She is a capital markets specialist, launching a family of mutual funds and architecting fee-based asset management platforms for banks, broker dealers and insurance firms. Maryanne previously served as CEO of SurgeXLR, a boutique accelerator she founded that focused on faster paths to monetization. She was also involved in two successful exits (to Standard & Poor’s and BNP Paribas), and consulted on the custom content and advertising efforts of many financial firms while working at The Wall Street Journal. Maryanne is an active angel investor and an expert on distributed ledger technology, ICOs and cryptocurrency. Maryanne was educated at Cornell University (Material Science Engineering), LeMoyne (Finance) and Whittier Law School with continuous learning at Stanford University (Scaling Blockchain, Valuation Modeling, Angel Investing and part of the Blockchain Club). %2 CPQi Matt leads CPQi North American practice and is responsible for all aspects of the IT consulting business. Matt has over 29 years of combined industry and consulting experience in the Financial Services Industry. Prior to his more recent management consulting roles, Matt held long tenures in several large Global Banks (HSBC, Société Générale, Deutsche Bank, RBS), managing all aspects of Technology and Business focused heavily on Global Capital Markets and Global Banking sectors. Matt has a proven record in delivering business and technology strategies to support growth of business revenue plans, operational effectiveness initiatives, while balancing the demands of today’s highly regulated environment. Matt’s extensive financial services career originated from hands-on execution roles, through middle/upper management to an experienced CIO. His senior leadership roles have involved leading large diverse direct and non-direct teams in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. %3 Technology Information Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& - %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1483 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Call for Papers: Blockchain and Digital Transformation %K blockchain %K decentralized autonomous organizations %K digital transformation %K distributed ledger technology %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V - %P - %8 07/2021 %G eng %N - %& - %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Call for Papers: Distributed Ledger Technologies for Smart Digital Economies %K artificial intelligence %K blockchain %K cybersecurity %K digital economy %K distributed ledger technology %K smartification %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 1-1 %8 02/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1422 %N 2 %& 1 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1422 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T A Cross-Pollination of Ideas about Distributed Ledger Technological Innovation through a Multidisciplinary and Multisectoral lens: Insights from the Blockchain Technology Symposium ’21 %A Victoria L. Lemieux %A Atefeh Mashatan %A Rei Safavi-Naini %A Jeremy Clark %K blockchain %K decentralization %K decentralized finance %K decentralized health %K decentralized identity %K decentralized supply chains %K distributed ledgers %K innovation %K technology adoption %K technology management %X Blockchain Technology Symposium 2021 (BTS'21) is a forum where academic researchers, industry professionals, and decision makers came together to present recent advancements, discuss adoption barriers, tackle common challenges, and explore future roadmaps surrounding blockchain and its related technologies such as consensus algorithms, smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and distributed ledger technologies generally. As a follow-up to BTS'18 and BTS'20, which were hosted by Ryerson University and The Fields Institute, and by popular demand, BTS 2021 gathered a diverse audience from academia, industry, and policy makers to engage in a dialogue around crucial topics in the adoption of blockchain technology, with the aim of cross-fertilizing ideas from these communities to address the challenges and seize the opportunities brought forward by this promising technology. BTS'21 featured multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral talks and presentations on four major themes: (1) decentralized finance (DeFi), (2) decentralized identity, (3) decentralized health and (4) decentralized supply chain management. This article provides reflections on some of the key insights found in the BTS’21 presentations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 58-66 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1445 %N 6 %1 University of British Columbia Dr. Victoria Lemieux is an Associate Professor of Archival Science at the University of British Columbia’s School of Information and Founder and Co-Lead of Blockchain@UBC, a multidisciplinary blockchain research and education cluster at UBC. %2 Ryerson University Dr. Atefeh (Atty) Mashatan is an Associate Professor of Professor of Information Technology Management and the founder and director of the Cybersecurity Research Lab (CRL) at Ryerson University. She holds the Canada Research Chair (Tier II) in Quality of Security Framework for Internet-of-Things (IoT). %3 University of Calgary Dr. Rei Safavi-Naini is the NSERC/Telus Industrial Research Chair and Alberta Innovates Strategic Chair in Information Security. She is a co-founder of the Institute for Security, Privacy and Information Assurance at the University of Calgary and served as its Director until January 2019. Her research interests are cryptography and information security. %4 Concordia University Dr. Jeremy Clark is an Associate Professor at the Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, where he holds the NSERC/Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton/Catallaxy Industrial Research Chair in Blockchain Technologies. %& 58 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1445 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Distributed Ledger Technologies and Social Machines: How to “smartify” the economy with blockchain-based digital extension services? %A Gregory Sandstrom %K artificial intelligence %K blockchain %K digital economy %K digital platform %K distributed ledger technology %K economic development %K extension services %K extension thinking %K innovation diffusion %K Internet of Things %K ledger community %K smartification %K social machines %K web science %X This paper examines the broad impact of digitalization on economic development. More specifically, it addresses the computer science-derived notion of "social machines", along with the invention of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) (or blockchain), as potential signposts on the pathway to "smart(er) digital economies". The paper investigates blockchain-based ecosystems as examples of social machines that assist in economic "smartification" and development. It looks at distributed ledger-based communities (DLCs) that provide examples of functioning social machines for a variety of business and personal network communications purposes. It then analyses the scaleup of DLT-based social machines by comparison with "extension services", largely in education and agriculture, which are currently undergoing processes of digitalization. Overall, this conceptual study examines the general horizons and potential impact of blockchain and social machines on the provision of online products and services, across a range of sectors and industries. The paper offers interpretative assistance to managers, entrepreneurs, technology experts, and academics with lingering questions about blockchain in and for business and economic development. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 42-57 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1449 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program. He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 42 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1449 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T An Exploration of Blockchain-based Traceability in Food Supply Chains: On the Benefits of Distributed Digital Records from Farm to Fork %A Mika Westerlund %A Soham Nene %A Seppo Leminen %A Mervi Rajahonka %K blockchain %K distributed ledger technology %K food innovation %K Food safety %K food supply chain %K supply chain management %K traceability %X There are growing internal and external pressures for traceability in food supply chains due to food scandals. Traceability refers to tracking food from the consumer back to the farm and vice versa for quality control and management. However, many traceability solutions have failed to meet the needs of supply chain stakeholders. Blockchain is a novel distributed database technology that could solve some issues of traditional traceability systems, such as cost of adoption and vulnerabilities to hacking and data tampering. This study aims to gain insights on the benefits of applying blockchain technology for traceability in food supply chains through literature review and an investigation of five companies that are experimenting with blockchain-based food traceability. Our findings suggest that, upon implementation and contribution by all supply chain participants, blockchain-based traceability can provide cost-savings, reduced response time to food scandals and food-borne illness outbreaks, improved security and accuracy, better compliance with government regulations, and thus increase consumer trust. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 6-18 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1446 %N 6 %1 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %2 Universities Canada Soham Nene is a Business Systems Analyst with Universities Canada in Ottawa, Ontario since August 2019. He works on designing student scholarship software / system solutions by performing requirements analysis, developing software system workflows, and studying system capabilities. He holds a master’s degree in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University and holds an undergraduate degree in Information Technology from Pune University, India. He is passionate about technology and food innovation and entrepreneurship. While pursuing master’s degree Soham worked on ‘Benefits of Blockchain-based Traceability in Food Supply Chains’ as his research project. %3 University of South-Eastern Norway Seppo Leminen is Drammen City Municipality chaired (Full) Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the USN School of Business at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Norway, an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Finland and an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management in the School of Science at Aalto University. He is an Associate Editor in Techovation and an Associate editor in BRQ, Business Research Quarterly. His current research topics includes digital business models and ecosystems (cf. Internet of Things), robotics, block chains, living labs, innovation ecosystems, collaborative and networked models of innovations, collaborative methods of innovations, as well as management and marketing models for different types of companies. Results from his research have been reported in Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Cleaner Production, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Management Decision, the International Journal of Innovation Management, and the Technology Innovation Management Review, among many others. %4 South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK Mervi Rajahonka, DSc (Econ), works as an RDI Advisor at the Small Business Center (SBC) at South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences XAMK, Finland, and she is an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. She has been working at SBC for about 10 years, participating in numerous EU-funded projects. She earned her doctoral degree in Logistics from the Department of Information and Service Economy at Aalto University School of Business in Helsinki, Finland. She also holds a Master’s degree in Technology from Helsinki University of Technology and a Master’s degree in Law from the University of Helsinki. Her research interests include business models, service modularity, and service innovations. Her research has been published in a number of journals in the areas of logistics, services, and operations management. %& 6 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1446 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Learning from Early Adopters of Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Review of Supply Chain Case Studies %A Sevda Dede %A Mesut Can Köseoğlu %A H. Funda Yercan %K blockchain %K digitalization %K distributed ledger technology %K supply chain %K systematic review %X Blockchain technology is widely seen as a promising technology for global supply chains, though early adoption of the technology is both costly and risky. Along with many other discouraging factors, large investments required to enter or develop a blockchain raise barriers to entry. Concerns about potential benefits, on the other hand, have led to companies questioning whether it is worth it. Consequently, many players in the global arena are still preferring to wait by observing current practices before making investments, while trying to figure out what the technology might bring them. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to research various implementations of blockchain technology in supply chains, in order to learn from its early adopters. For this purpose, we chose case studies as the research method, which we used in a systematic way. We focused on multiple relevant case studies from previous research concerning the use of blockchain technology in supply chain practices. Through a systematic analysis of case studies, the study paper aims at bringing forward different views, approaches and results about blockchain adoption, as a way to show the pros and cons of adopting the technology under certain circumstances. The previous research was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. This paper contributes to the literature by showcasing the use of blockchain in supply chains via multiple cases to learn from early blockchain adopters in supply chain practices. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 19-31 %8 06/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1447 %N 6 %1 Istanbul University Sevda Dede is a PhD candidate at Istanbul University and is working on her dissertation on the orchestration of digital innovation in business ecosystems. She holds BA and MA degrees in Logistics Management, both from Izmir University of Economics. She began her career as a research assistant in 2009 and worked as a professional in business development and supply chain management departments until 2016. She is currently a full-time lecturer at Piri Reis University, in her fourth year of teaching experience. In her research, she mainly focuses on digital innovation in supply chains and business ecosystems from a managerial point of view. %2 Piri Reis University M. Can Köseoğlu graduated from Piri Reis University of Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering in 2016 and obtained his MSc degree in Maritime Transportation Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, while also working towards his second MSc degree in Industrial Engineering in Galatasaray University. Currently he is working as a research assistant in Piri Reis University Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering Department. His studies focus on green ports, ship routing optimization and smart technologies in maritime transportation. %3 Piri Reis University Funda Yercan, a Professor of International Shipping and Logistics Management since 2005, holds a PhD in International Shipping, Transportation and Logistics from the University of Plymouth in the UK. She has been in professional life and academia more than 30 years, teaching at undergraduate and graduate levels, conducting research, publishing papers in international journals indexed in SSCI and SCI, presenting papers at international conferences in a number of countries, and serving as an administrator. She was also a Visiting Professor at Maine Maritime Academy-MMA in the USA, founding Dean of the Maritime Faculty at Kyrenia American University in Northern Cyprus and is currently the Dean of the Maritime Faculty at Piri Reis University in Istanbul, Turkey. Her studies focus on international shipping, maritime logistics, supply chains, and smart technologies. %& 19 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1447 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Blockchain-enabled Clinical Study Consent Management %A Hans H. Jung %A Franz M.J. Pfister %K AI Ethics. %K blockchain %K Clinical Study %K Health Artificial Intelligence (AI) %K Platform Business Model %K Written Informed Consent %X Written informed consent (WIC) is required in the context of voluntary participation in a clinical trial. The trial participant gives WIC in accordance with various regulatory requirements. We present a framework concept for a blockchain-based distributed ledger solution, which aims at implementing simple and secure management of WIC documentation, along the entire data value chain from acquiring consent to academic publication, and (commercially) exploiting the results of a clinical study. This may include (but is not limited to) clinical deployment, security monitoring, and conformity with data privacy and ethical standards. Thus, we present a potential “Health AI” application that goes beyond WIC documentation, to enabling the creation of a holistic data provenance trail graph. Such a framework concept aims to create sustainable value for study participants, clinicians, data scientists, and ultimately consumers. The framework’s usefulness is relevant for ensuring the ethical development of artificial intelligence applications in the healthcare domain. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 14-24 %8 02/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1325 %N 2 %1 Munich Business School Hans H. Jung is teaching on international marketing, digital business models and digital transformation courses as a professor at the Munich Business School. As principal, he heads the digital customer experience community at UNITY AG, a leading Management Consulting & Innovation Company. His more than 100 clients include companies from agriculture, automotive, energy, consumer goods, mobility, pharmaceutical and process industries, sports, among others. %2 Independent Franz MJ Pfister is an entrepreneur, medical doctor, and data scientist and is recognized as a leading expert at the intersection of artificial intelligence, data, digitization, and healthcare. His academic career includes medical studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Harvard Medical School with a medical doctorate in neuroscience. He holds an MBA from Munich Business School and earned a Master's degree in Data Science at the LMU Munich. Franz Pfister is currently leading multiple initiatives and is building up companies in the field of Health AI, developing next-generation diagnostic solutions to improve patient care and enable personalized medicine. %& 14 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1325 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Editorial: Insights (December 2020) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K 5G technology; Bitcoin %K blockchain %K business model %K business model innovation %K crypto assets %K cryptocurrencies %K Diem %K Diem Association %K digital currency %K distributed ledger technology %K Facebook %K fiat currencies %K financial inclusion %K Financial industry %K front-end %K ideation %K innovation %K Libra %K local currencies %K Management Model %K not-for-profit %K research center %K strategic foresight %K strategy %K technology firms; project portfolio management %K tokenization; product innovativeness %K visioning %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 3-3 %8 12/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1410 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. His PhD is from St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He interned at the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, St. Petersburg, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program, as well as previously at the Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems (2010-2011). He worked for the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. His current research interests are distributed ledger technology (blockchain) systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1410 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Editorial: Insights (June 2020) %A Stoyan Tanev %A Gregory Sandstrom %K Bitcoin %K blockchain %K crowdfunding %K crypto assets %K cryptocurrencies %K developing countries. %K distributed ledger technology %K Employeedriven innovation %K entrepreneurial finance %K entrepreneurship %K Ethereum %K Financial industry %K FinTech %K ICOs %K IEO %K innovation %K intellectual property rights %K internationalization %K IT industry %K job autonomy %K mining industry %K moral hazard %K need for autonomy %K new company %K Porter's Five Forces framework %K regulation %K scaling company value %K scaling-up %K self-leadership %K signaling %K SME %K STO %K sustainability %K technological environment %K technology %K technology readiness %K token offering %K token sales %K tokenization %K value proposition %K value proposition alignment %K venture capital %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 3-4 %8 06/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1363 %N 6 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Stoyan Tanev, PhD, MSc, MEng, MA, is Associate Professor of Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management associated with the Technology Innovation Management (TIM) Program, Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Before re-joining Carleton University, Dr. Tanev was part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark. Dr. Tanev has a multidisciplinary background including MSc in Physics (Sofia University, Bulgaria), PhD in Physics (1995, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, co-awarded by Sofia University, Bulgaria), MEng in Technology Management (2005, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada), MA in Orthodox Theology (2009, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal Campus, QC, Canada) and PhD in Theology (2012, Sofia University, Bulgaria). Stoyan has published multiple articles in several research domains. His current research interests are in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and innovation management, design principles and growth modes of global technology start-ups, business analytics, topic modeling and text mining. He has also an interest in interdisciplinary issues on the interface of the natural and social sciences. %2 Technology Innovation Management Review Gregory Sandstrom is Managing Editor of the TIM Review. He is a former Associate Professor of Mass Media and Communications at the European Humanities University (2012-2017), and Affiliated Associate Professor at the Social Innovations Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University (2016-2017) in Vilnius, Lithuania. He completed a PhD from the Faculty of Sociology at St. Petersburg State University and the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, sector on Sociology of Science (2010). He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Lithuanian Science Council (2013-2015), for which he conducted research visits to the Copernican Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (Krakow), the University of Edinburgh's Extended Knowledge Project, Cambridge University's History and Philosophy of Science Department, and Virginia State University's Science and Technology Studies program, as well as previously at the Autonomous National University of Mexico's Institute for Applied Mathematics and Systems (2010-2011). He was affiliated with the Bard College Institute for Writing and Thinking, leading student and faculty language and communications workshops, most recently (2013, 2014, 2017) in Yangon, Myanmar. He is a promoter and builder of blockchain distributed ledger technology systems and digital extension services. %& 3 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1363 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Facebook’s Digital Currency Venture “Diem”: the new Frontier ... or a Galaxy far, far away? %A Jahja Rrustemi %A Nils S. Tuchschmid %K Bitcoin %K blockchain %K crypto assets %K cryptocurrencies %K Diem %K Diem Association %K digital currency %K distributed ledger technology %K Facebook %K fiat currencies %K financial inclusion %K Financial industry %K Libra %K local currencies %K tokenization %X This article focuses on Facebook's new digital currency, initially called "Libra" and renamed in December 2020 "Diem", that has been designed and proposed by the Diem Association (formerly the Libra Association). It briefly reflects on the historical meaning of money and currency, as well as "local currencies" viewed as precursors to the new "digital currencies" or "cryptocurrencies". The paper presents a general overview of the Diem project, particularly from the perspective of financial theory and practise. It looks specifically into Diem's business model and analyzes the project's planned and potential revenue streams, according to official documents published by the Diem Association. The research identifies potential obstacles and hurdles this digital currency would (since it has not happened yet) face on launch day and assesses whether the project is feasible in its current form. In the authors' view, although some early concerns were addressed in the Diem White Paper 2.0, the Diem project is only questionably ready for commercial launch in its current state. Speaking directly to the financial aspects of the Diem Association's project, the current regulatory hurdles and institutional pressures seem difficult to bypass without making some additional noticeable and meaningful changes to Diem. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 19-30 %8 12/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1407 %N 12 %1 Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg Jahja Rrustemi is a scientific collaborator at the Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. He holds a Master of Science in Wealth Management at the University of Geneva. The main focus of his research relates to Portfolio Allocation Methods, Risk Minimization, Forward-looking Risk Measures as well as Cryptocurrencies and the Tokenization of the economy. %2 Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg Nils S. Tuchschmid is professor of Finance and head of the Finance Institute at the Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Before joining HEG-FR, Nils was a Partner, Head of Tactical Trading Strategies and Chairman of the Investment Committee at Tages Group. Previously, he was the Co-Head of the Alternative Funds Advisory team at UBS and Head of Multi-Manager Portfolios at Credit-Suisse. He also worked as Strategist and Head of quantitative research and alternative investments at Banque Cantonale Vaudoise. Nils was Professor of Banking and Finance at HEG Geneva and Professor of Finance at HEC Lausanne University. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Geneva. %& 20 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1407 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Fundraising Campaigns in a Digital Economy: Lessons from a Swiss Synthetic Diamond Venture's Initial Coin Offering (ICO) %A Jahja Rrustemi %A Nils S. Tuchschmid %K Bitcoin %K blockchain %K crowdfunding %K crypto assets %K cryptocurrencies %K distributed ledger technology %K entrepreneurial finance %K Ethereum %K Financial industry %K FinTech %K ICOs %K IEO %K moral hazard. %K signaling %K STO %K token offering %K token sales %K tokenization %K venture capital %X As economies digitalize and many local businesses gradually internationalize, crowdfunding platforms have offered a new way for ventures to raise capital. Relying on distributed ledger technology (DLT, blockchain), the method of "tokenization" now seems to be the next way for digital economics to be actualised in practise. Digitalizing some of the production and selling processes through crypto-tokenization technology has brought with it new perspectives and opportunities. Any thorough consideration of the logic of "distributed systems" applied to economics is bound to see that it potentially brings considerable disruptions and significant changes in how companies get access to funding. Cryptocurrencies, and subsequently "tokens" initially issued from "initial coin offerings" (ICOs) have answered an obvious need for efficient, borderless, and secure flows of capital. This article first summarizes what early academic research tells us about ICOs based on DLTs and their factors of success. We then use the case of LakeDiamond, a Swiss venture in the business of growing and polishing synthetic diamonds, to present and contextualize the process of holding an ICO, which ultimately did not succeed. In the final section, we present two fund raising models that have recently gained traction and popularity, namely "security token offerings" (STOs) and "initial exchange offerings" (IEOs), and highlight their main advantages compared to ICOs. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 53-63 %8 06/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1368 %N 6 %1 Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR) Jahja Rrustemi is a scientific collaborator at the Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. He holds a Master of Science in Wealth Management at the University of Geneva. The main focus of his research relates to Portfolio Allocation Methods, Risk Minimization, Forward-looking Risk Measures as well as Cryptocurrencies and the Tokenization of the economy. %2 Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR) Nils S. Tuchschmid is professor of Finance and head of the Finance Institute at the Haute Ecole de Gestion Fribourg (HEG-FR), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Before joining HEG-FR, Nils was a Partner, Head of Tactical Trading Strategies and Chairman of the Investment Committee at Tages Group. Previously, he was the Co-Head of the Alternative Funds Advisory team at UBS and Head of Multi-Manager Portfolios at Credit-Suisse. He also worked as Strategist and Head of quantitative research and alternative investments at Banque Cantonale Vaudoise. Nils was Professor of Banking and Finance at HEG Geneva and Professor of Finance at HEC Lausanne University. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Geneva. %& 53 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1368 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2020 %T Trust, Transparency and Security in the Sharing Economy: What is the Government's Role? %A Ruben D’Hauwers %A Jacobus van der Bank %A Mehdi Montakhabi %K blockchain %K government %K network %K P2P %K peer-to-peer %K sharing economy %K trust %X To obtain access to goods or services between people or stakeholders, some collaboration between actors is a necessary component. Sharing and a sharing economy is closely related to trust. Within the context of 'the' sharing economy, especially digital trust is assumed to play a crucial role. Access to information is a crucial digital cue which can lead to trust yet, sharing economies are subject to asymmetry of information, wherein certain actors have limited access to market information on the consumption behaviour of users, the pricing of a product and, the reliability of peers. The lack of confidential market information between actors is thus limiting the potential for collaboration, as it reduces trust between them. Governments are amongst the (usually more trustworthy) candidates to undertake critical roles in enhancing the sharing of sensitive data. This paper aims to identify the role of government in facilitating and enabling data sharing between various actors in sharing economies. In this paper, we analyse the adequacy of a government's potential role in enabling transparency, trust and security, while operating within a sharing economy scenario, based on two case studies. Additionally, the role of technology is briefly defined for digital platforms and for blockchain-based opportunities for sharing economies. The use cases for the paper concern a digital platform for industrial symbioses, and peer-to-peer electricity trading based on blockchain technology. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 10 %P 5-17 %8 05/2020 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1352 %N 5 %1 Free University of Brussels Ruben D’Hauwers is a researcher at imec-SMIT-VUB. He graduated as a Master in Business Engineering at the University of Ghent (2010), and did a second master in Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Antwerp Management School (2012). He worked as a business developer for AIESEC and SBE in Belgium and Myanmar. Ruben joined imec-SMIT-VUB in 2014 in the field of business model research. His research concerns business models in public-private collaboration in smart cities, in data exchange between stakeholders and business models for sustainable innovations. %2 Free University of Brussels Jacobus van der Bank is a researcher at-imec-SMIT-VUB. He obtained an undergraduate degree in Psychology and a Master’s degree in Entrepreneurship at the University of Pretoria (South Africa). After obtaining his Master’s degree, and working as a consultant for two years on a variety of projects, he decided to join the academic world where he lectured on entrepreneurship, innovation and business finance at various universities in South Africa. In 2018 he joined SMIT where he is currently working as a business modeller and is responsible for the development of novel business models and commercialisation strategies for projects pertaining to media and the telecommunication domain. %3 Free University of Brussels Mehdi Montakhabi is a researcher and Ph.D. student at imec-SMIT-Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He studied a Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering, a Master in Entrepreneurship, and a second Master in International Business. His MBA and DBA were in marketing. His current research concerns business model innovation in the energy sector. He worked several years in high-tech firms’ marketing management followed by an entrepreneurial experience in the retail sector. He continued his career as the executive manager of a consultancy firm in shopping centre management. He was honoured to be the deputy secretary of the Council of Shopping Centers while directing an educational and analytical monthly magazine in the retail sector. %& 5 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1352 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2019 %T Digital Payments: Impact Factors and Mass Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa %A Leigh Soutter %A Kenzie Ferguson %A Michael Neubert %K adoption %K blockchain %K FinTech %K mobile money %K non-consumption %K payments %K sub-Saharan Africa %X This study explores impact factors that affect the adoption of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we investigate the impact factors that subject-matter experts consider most important to the success of FinTech payment models. The data and their responses are evaluated through the lens of Christensen’s market-creation theory, which contends that the adoption of market-creating innovations by a mass swathe of heretofore non-consumers “pulls” framework conditions into place, including missing infrastructure and enabling regulation. Then, we compare the findings with the literature and three case studies of mobile money adoption in Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the payment and money transfer segment of FinTech innovations in Africa using a multiple case study methodology. We drew together information from multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews, archival data in the form of industry and regulatory reports, and observational field notes. Our findings suggest that enabling environments (Kenya) do jumpstart adoption and difficult frameworks (Nigeria) do evolve. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in Africa. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 9 %P 41-55 %8 07/2019 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1254 %N 7 %1 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Leigh Soutter is a Vice President at Florence Venture Partners, an angel investment group in Silicon Valley that helps entrepreneurs start great businesses. She holds a PhD in GES Hydrogeology from Stanford University in the United States and has leveraged her experience with scientific computing as a technology consultant, entrepreneur, and investor. Dr. Soutter currently is working towards a second PhD at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris where her dissertation research involves the role of innovative technologies in emerging markets. %2 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Kenzie K. Ferguson is a recognized leader in corporate social responsibility (CSR). She built an award-winning CSR department for a multinational S&P 500 Company. Ms. Ferguson recently joined Delta Dental of California as their Vice President of Foundation and CSR. She is distinguished as an influencer with a growth mindset, creative problem-solving skills, and an ability to achieve goals with limited resources. Ms. Ferguson holds a Bachelor of Arts in Russian Studies from the University of California in the United States and an MBA from Nyenrode University in the Netherlands, and she is currently a PhD candidate at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris. %3 International School of Management (ISM) Paris Michael Neubert is a Professor at the International School of Management (ISM) in Paris, France, where he obtained his PhD and is now also Chair of the Strategic Management Committee. He teaches doctoral-level courses in FinTech, valuation and acquisition, and international finance, among other subjects. His research interests concern the valuation and the development of innovative high-tech startups from emerging markets. Michael is a member of the Academy of Management, and he is a partner of a private equity firm that invests in high-tech startups and supports them in the development of new foreign markets. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1254 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Anticipating the Economic Benefits of Blockchain %A Melanie Swan %K blockchain %K cryptocurrencies %K cryptoeconomics %K cybersecurity %K digital asset registries %K digital goods %K distributed ledgers %K economics %K eWallet %K lightning network %K long tail markets %K payment channels %K programmable money %K smart assets %K smart contracts %K streaming money %X In this general overview article intended for non-experts, I define blockchain technology and some of the key concepts, and then I elaborate four specific applications that highlight the potential economic benefits of digital ledgers. These applications are digital asset registries, blockchains as leapfrog technology for global financial inclusion, long-tail personalized economic services, and net settlement payment channels. I also highlight key challenges that offset the potential economic benefits of blockchain distributed ledgers, while arguing that the benefits would outweigh the potential risks. The overarching theme is that an increasing amount of everyday operations involving money, assets, and documents could start to be conducted via blockchain-based distributed network ledgers with cryptographic security, and at more granular levels of detail. One economic implication of widespread blockchain adoption is that the institutional structure of society could shift to one that is computationally-based and thus has a diminished need for human-operated brick-and-mortar institutions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 6-13 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1102 %N 10 %1 Purdue University Melanie Swan is a technology theorist in the Philosophy Department at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. She is the author of the best-selling book Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy (2015), which has been translated into six languages. She is the founder of several startups including the Institute for Blockchain Studies, DIYgenomics, GroupPurchase, and the MS Futures Group. Ms. Swan's educational background includes an MBA in Finance and Accounting from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, an MA in Contemporary Continental Philosophy from Kingston University London and Université Paris 8, and a BA in French and Economics from Georgetown University. She is a faculty member at Singularity University and the University of the Commons, an Affiliate Scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, and an invited contributor to the Edge's Annual Essay Question. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1109 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T A Blockchain Ecosystem for Digital Identity: Improving Service Delivery in Canada’s Public and Private Sectors %A Greg Wolfond %K blockchain %K consumer privacy %K cybersecurity %K digital assets %K digital attributes %K digital identity %K identity fraud %K identity verification %K online privacy %K online security %X Blockchain-based solutions have the potential to make government operations more efficient and improve the delivery of services in the public and private sectors. Identity verification and authentication technologies, as one of the applications of blockchain-based solutions – and the focus of our own efforts at SecureKey Technologies – have been critical components in service delivery in both sectors due to their power to increase trust between citizens and the services they access. To convert trust into solid value added, identities must be validated through highly-reliable technologies, such as blockchain, that have the capacity to reduce cost and fraud and to simplify the experience for customers while also keeping out the bad actors. With identities migrating to digital platforms, organizations and citizens need to be able to transact with reduced friction even as more counter-bound services move to online delivery. In this article, drawing on our own experiences with an ecosystem approach to digital identity, we describe the potential value of using blockchain technology to address the present and future challenges of identity verification and authentication within a Canadian context. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 35-40 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1112 %N 10 %1 SecureKey Technologies Greg Wolfond is the Founder of SecureKey Technologies and brings more than 30 years of experience in fintech, security, and mobile solutions to his role as Chief Executive Officer. Greg is a serial entrepreneur whose earlier ventures include Footprint Software Inc., a financial software company he sold to IBM, and 724 Solutions Inc., a wireless infrastructure software provider he took public. He sits on several boards and has been recognized as one of Canada’s Top 40 Under 40, Entrepreneur of the Year, and one of the 100 Top Leaders in Identity. Greg holds a Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science from the University of Western Ontario, Canada, and a Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry and Life Sciences from the University of Toronto, Canada. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1112 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Editorial: Blockchain (October 2017) %A Chris McPhee %A Anton Ljutic %K authentication %K Bitcoin %K blockchain %K cryptography %K digital identity %K economics %K healthcare %K internal audit %K services %K smart contracts %K transactions %K trust %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 3-5 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1108 %N 10 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Anton Ljutic is a futurologist with many interests, having been a professional musician in Germany, a programmer at IBM Rome, a professor of Economics and an early Internet telecommunications enthusiast and consultant in Montreal, a Head of the Government of Canada’s IT Security Learning Centre, and the founder and chair of the government’s Interdepartmental Committee on Security Training. He was founder and editor in the early 1990s of one of the earliest Internet ezines, Glosas News. He is a member of Blockchain Association of Canada (BAC) and a believer in political and economic decentralization through blockchain. He holds a Master of Arts degree from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and a Diploma in Economics from the University of Zagreb, Croatia. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1108 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Hitching Healthcare to the Chain: An Introduction to Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector %A Mark A. Engelhardt %K blockchain %K distributed ledger %K health %K patient-centred care %K trust %X Health services must balance patient care with information privacy, access, and completeness. The massive scale of the healthcare industry also amplifies the importance of cost control. The promise of blockchain technology in health services, combined with application layers built atop it, is to be a mechanism that provides utmost privacy while ensuring that appropriate users can easily add to and access a permanent record of information. Blockchains, also called distributed ledgers, enable a combination of cost reduction and increased accessibility to information by connecting stakeholders directly without requirements for third-party brokers, potentially giving better results at lower costs. New ventures are looking to apply blockchain technology to solve real-world problems, including efforts to track public health, centralize research data, monitor and fulfill prescriptions, lower administrative overheads, and organize patient data from an increasing number of inputs. Here, concrete examples of the application of blockchain technology in the health sector are described, touching on near-term promise and challenges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 22-34 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1111 %N 10 %1 Ovodenovo Intellectual Property Consulting Mark Engelhardt holds a PhD from Stanford University in the United States and is a partner at Ovodenovo Intellectual Property Consulting, a full-service patent agency in Ottawa, Canada, where he combines multidisciplinary experience in biological and computational science with experience in intellectual property to help small- and medium-sized companies succeed and to help investors understand technology. He has a passion for non-profit work, and is currently supporting the Ottawa Youth Orchestra Academy as president of their board of directors. Connect through LinkedIn to chat about blockchain technology, intellectual property, non-profit work, and the interesting places they might intersect in the future. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1111 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Q&A. Is Internal Audit Ready for Blockchain? %A Hugh Rooney %A Brian Aiken %A Megan Rooney %K blockchain %K controls %K governance %K internal audit %K risk management %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 41-44 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1113 %N 10 %1 Tendermint/COSMOS Hugh Rooney is a member of the Tendermint/COSMOS team who are building blockchain infrastructure that will provide unparalleled scalability, security, and interoperability to the next generation of blockchain-based applications. Hugh holds an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business in London, Canada, and has extensive experience in the application of leading-edge technologies to a wide range of business problems in both the public and private sectors. %2 Audit Committee to the Auditor General of Canada Brian Aiken is an External Board Member of the Audit Committee to the Auditor General of Canada. He has held a variety of management positions at the Bank of Canada, including oversight for financial systems, strategic planning, corporate security, and internal audit. He later joined the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as a Chief Audit Executive, with responsibility for internal audit, program evaluation, and quality assurance and management review. He completed his career as the Assistant Comptroller General, Internal Audit, at the Treasury Board Secretariat of Canada. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in business administration from the University of Ottawa and is a Certified Internal Auditor and Certified Fraud Examiner. %3 Megan Rooney is a law student at Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, Canada, with an interest in the practical implications of technology on governance. A graduate of the Theatre Production and Management program at York Universities Fine Arts Department (Cum Laude and Dean’s List). Megan was a Senior Editor at the Osgoode Hall Law Journal and has worked as a research assistant to several professors as well as the International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA). %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1113 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Smart Contract Relations in e-Commerce: Legal Implications of Exchanges Conducted on the Blockchain %A Philippa Ryan %K blockchain %K law %K legal %K online transactions %K reputation %K smart contracts %K trust %X Much of the discussion around blockchain-based smart contracts has focused on whether or not they operate in the same way as legal contracts. However, it is argued that most contracts are social rather than legal in nature and are entered into because the parties trust each other to perform the agreed exchange. Little has been written to address how the blockchain’s trust protocol can enable the kind of social contracting that characterized the way exchanges were conducted before the Internet. This article aims to fill that gap by exploring blockchain-based smart contracts primarily as non-contractual social exchanges. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 14-21 %8 10/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1110 %N 10 %1 University of Technology Sydney Philippa (Pip) Ryan is a Barrister and Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. Her PhD reclassified the liability of third parties to a breach of trust. Her current research explores contracts and trustless relationships enabled by blockchain technology. Pip designed and coordinates legal technology subjects and in conjunction with the UTS Connected Intelligence Centre, she is developing writing analysis software to improve students’ self-assessments. She is on the industry advisory board of the Australian Digital Commerce Association, she is the Deputy Chair of the Australian Computer Society’s Blockchain Technical Committee, and she is a member of the Standards Australia Blockchain Technical Committee. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1110