%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Frugal Innovation (April 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Deepak S. Gupta %A Mokter Hossain %K development processes %K emerging markets %K frugal innovation %K grassroots %K healthcare %K inclusion %K internationalization %K patterns %K SMEs %K sustainability %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-5 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1147 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Centennial College Deepak S. Gupta is the Executive Director for Applied Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Services at Centennial College in Toronto, Canada. Previously, Dr. Gupta has worked at NAIT, Pella Corporation, and at the University of South Florida. He has co-founded two companies, and advised several others. Dr. Gupta has a Bachelor of Technology (Honors) degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. His masters’ and doctoral degrees in Chemical Engineering are from Washington University in St. Louis. He has co-authored 31 publications, including papers, technical reports, conference proceedings, and a book chapter. His research contributions range from composites processing to smart sensors to new control algorithms. Dr. Gupta is a professional engineer, and a member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (senior member status), Sigma Xi, Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, and Tau Beta Pi. %3 Aalborg University Mokter Hossain is an Assistant Professor at the Center for Industrial Production, Aalborg University, Denmark, and he a Visiting Scholar at the Institute of Strategy and Venturing in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Aalto University in Finland. He was a post-doctoral researcher at Imperial College London and at Aalto University after graduating with a Doctor of Science degree in Technology and Knowledge Management in 2016 from Aalto University. His research interests include innovation, strategy, and entrepreneurship. He has published over 35 journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers on a range of research topics, including open innovation, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, frugal innovation, reverse innovation, grassroots innovation, and business model innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1147 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Frugal or Fair? The Unfulfilled Promises of Frugal Innovation %A Mario Pansera %K frugal innovation %K inclusive innovation %K scarcity %K social justice %X Frugal innovation has become a popular buzzword among management and business scholars. However, despite its popularity, I argue that the frugal innovation literature, in its present form, is problematic for at least two reasons. First, the frugal innovation literature assumes that scarcity is a normal condition of the “Global South”. In this article, I show that this assumption neglects the fact that scarcity can be socially constructed to deny certain social sectors the access to resources essential for their flourishing. Second, despite all the good intentions underpinning the idea of “alleviating poverty”, frugal innovation studies rarely challenge, or even discuss, the causes of destitution and social exclusion. Innovation, as well as technology, is overwhelmingly framed in an agnostic and neutral way that sidelines the socio-economic complexity of the exclusion mechanisms that cause poverty and underdevelopment. By ignoring this, the frugal innovation literature risks limiting the understanding of the problems it seeks to solve and, most importantly, it risks limiting its impact. Most frugal innovation literature, in other words, seems to elude the fact that, rather than being a mere lack of resources or technology, poverty is a matter of social justice. In order to be empowering, technology has to be value-based, normative framed, socially controlled, and democratically debated. In this article, I propose that we should use these principles to develop a new wave of frugal innovation literature and practice. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 6-13 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1148 %N 4 %1 University of Bristol Mario Pansera is a Research Fellow at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom. He gained a PhD in Management from the University of Exeter Business School in the United Kingdom. His dissertation focused on the discourses of innovation and development with a particular interest for the Global South. He joined the University of Bristol after completing a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Post-Doctoral fellowship at the Academy of Business in Society in Brussels. His primary research interests are responsible research and innovation, sustainable and ecological transition, and the critique of the development discourse and growth. He is also particularly interested in the dynamics of innovation in emerging economies, appropriate technologies, grassroots, and social innovations. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1148 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Overcoming Barriers to Frugal Innovation: Emerging Opportunities for Finnish SMEs in Brazilian Markets %A Mirva Hyypiä %A Rakhshanda Khan %K barriers %K Brazilian markets %K Finnish SMEs %K frugal innovation %K opportunities %X Frugal innovation has become a popular concept, in academia but also in industry at large. Although there has been a great deal of discussion about the relevance of frugal innovation to the developed world, the notion’s full acceptance within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) still seems far in the distance. The opportunities and barriers seen with practical implementation of frugal innovation during the development processes have received little attention. This article considers these opportunities and barriers in the context of Finnish SMEs, providing insight specifically into the approaches these companies take in Brazilian markets. Qualitative data were drawn from a case study forming part of an extensive action research-based development project called SCALA, aimed at creating suitable and scalable mobile learning services for global markets. The concepts of frugal innovation and proceeding from user needs – essential parts of the development processes – are examined by observing three Finnish SMEs and their top managers, with particular focus on their interaction with Brazilian partners. Development sessions and meetings shed light on how the companies perceived and responded to testing their products/services with six individual schools in Brazil. Although frugal innovation is seen as essential for guaranteeing long-term competitiveness of Finnish SMEs – and access to rapidly growing, unsaturated emerging markets such as Brazil can be a step in the right direction – our study highlights numerous barriers and ways to overcome them in the real-world implementation of frugality in SMEs’ development processes. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 38-48 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1151 %N 4 %1 Lappeenranta University of Technology Mirva Hyypiä, D.Sc. (Tech.), is a Senior Researcher of Industrial Management at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, where she has worked since 2006. Her current research focuses on various aspects of leadership, innovation management, frugal innovation, innovation systems, user-driven innovation, service design, multi-sensory environment, gamification, and co-creation of digitalization. She has published several articles in international and national scientific journals. %2 Lappeenranta University of Technology Rakhshanda Khan is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her doctoral dissertation in Business and Management (2017) focused on the contribution of socially driven businesses and innovations to social sustainability. Her expertise lies in sustainable, socially driven businesses, inclusive business models, and sustainable innovations, with a special focus on frugal innovation. She has published in several refereed journals including Applied Energy, Sustainability, the International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, and the International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1151 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Patterns of Frugal Innovation in Healthcare %A Hareem Arshad %A Marija Radić %A Dubravko Radić %K developing economies %K emerging economies %K frugal innovation %K global health %K healthcare %X Frugal innovations have the potential to offer simple and cost-effective solutions to the healthcare challenges of the world. However, despite the potential for frugal innovations in healthcare, this context has been rarely studied. The objective of this article is to shed some light on patterns of frugal innovations in healthcare and thereby contribute to the literature. With this aim, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and searched for innovations that were labelled as frugal and were related to healthcare. This led us to a sample of 50 frugal innovations in the healthcare sector. For each of the 50 selected examples, we examined various characteristics of the innovation, such as the country of origin, first launch market, type of innovator, type of innovation, type of care, and geographic diffusion. Our findings show that most of the frugal innovations originated in the United States, followed by India. The most frequent first launch market was India. In terms of types of innovators, academia seemed to be the strongest driver. Most frugal innovations are product innovations in the fields of neonatology and general practice. In this article, we expand on these findings and examine the relationships between individual variables to reveal further insights. Finally, we offer conclusions, an outlook for frugal innovation in the healthcare sector, and future research questions. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 28-37 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1150 %N 4 %1 Leipzig University Hareem Arshad is a PhD student at Leipzig University in Germany. She graduated in 2013 with a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the Air University in Pakistan. She gained her first professional experience as a guest lecturer at Air University and has been affiliated with the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW in Leipzig since 2016. Her research focuses on the areas of service innovation, diffusion of innovation, and frugal innovation in healthcare. %2 Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy Marija Radić heads the Price and Service Management Group at the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW in Leipzig, Germany, and is Deputy Head of the Department for Corporate Development in International Markets. She studied International Economics at the Universities of Tübingen in Germany and Chicago in the United States, and she earned her doctorate at the University of Dortmund in Germany. Prior to joining Fraunhofer IMW, Marija worked as a senior consultant at a renowned international management consultancy in Germany and the United States. As part of this activity, she advised customers from the fields of industry and technology, life sciences, and financial services on pricing, marketing, sales, and strategic issues on a national and international level. In her current role, her research focuses on marketing and strategy aspects of healthcare innovation. %3 Leipzig University Dubravko Radić holds the Chair of Service Management at Leipzig University, Germany, and is Deputy Head of Price and Service Management at the Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW. He completed his doctorate at the Department of Statistics and Econometrics at the University of Frankfurt, Germany. For his dissertation on innovation activities of German companies, he was awarded the Gerhard Fuerst Prize of the Federal Statistical Office. After researching at the Graduate School of Management at the University of California, Davis, and Harvard Business School, he completed his habilitation in 2009 on the topic of pricing policy in services at the Bergische Universität Wuppertal (Germany). His research interests include application of empirical methods to business issues, service management issues, and service pricing. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1150 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Science Is Indispensable to Frugal Innovations %A Balkrishna C. Rao %K factor of frugality %K factor of safety %K frugal innovation %K research %K sustainable development %X In recent years, frugal innovations have become widely popular due to their no-frills nature that entails lower costs. However, most of the frugal innovations, at least at the grassroots level, are makeshift contraptions, made from indigenous ingenuity, that achieve their goals under constraints on various resources but may suffer from limited lifespans due to premature failure. Consequently, it is imperative that sound scientific principles not be overlooked or haphazardly applied in realizing these innovations, irrespective of their grassroots or sophisticated nature. This article therefore argues for the need to use science, sometimes at the cutting edge, to realize grassroots and advanced frugal innovations that are not prone to failure under various working conditions. In so doing, this work advocates the use of classical and new design methodologies that are rooted in science to save resources and, hence lower costs, while aiming for robust functionality of frugal products. In particular, a frugal design approach using a modern version of the safety factor called the “factor of frugality” has been propounded to effectively create any type of frugal innovation from scratch. By combining the ingenuity of the resourceful creators of frugal innovations with a scientific approach that aims to make the resulting products “fail proof”, such innovations may better contribute value to business and benefits to society. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 49-56 %8 04/2018 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1152 %N 4 %1 Indian Institute of Technology Madras Balkrishna C. Rao is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Design at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) in India. As a member of the Sustainable Manufacturing Group at IITM, he conducts research pertaining to sustainable manufacturing, additive manufacturing, and frugal design. Other than the work in manufacturing for automotive and aerospace sectors, his work in frugal innovations has led to the creation of a new type called Advanced Frugal Innovation (AFI) to account for the increasing sophistication seen in these products. He has also developed a frugal approach to design wherein advanced and grassroots frugal products can be built from scratch. Such a frugal design tool can greatly aid sustainable development in designing streamlined products for various sectors while also improving functionality. Among his other contributions, he has also developed a concept for tallying the innovative output of a country through Gross Domestic Innovation (GDI). Professor Rao earned his PhD in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on manufacturing from Purdue University in the United States. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1152 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Corporate and Grassroot Frugal Innovation: A Comparison of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies %A Liza Wohlfart %A Mark Bünger %A Claus Lang-Koetz %A Frank Wagner %K case studies %K corporate frugal innovation %K frugal innovation %K grassroots frugal innovation %K startups %K sustainability %X Frugal innovations aim at the development of basic solutions that are affordable for price-sensitive customer groups. This article looks at the similarities and differences between two major approaches, corporate and grassroot frugal innovation, and identifies initial ideas on how the two streams can learn from each other. The three pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) provide one of the guidelines for the comparison. The research is based on an analysis of case studies from various industries, six of which are presented in this article. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 5-17 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/977 %N 4 %1 Fraunhofer IAO Liza Wohlfart (MA) works as a Scientist and Project Manager at the Competence Center R&D Management of Fraunhofer IAO in Stuttgart, Germany. She has long-term experience with national and international research and consulting projects. Topics of specific expertise include innovation management, business development, frugal innovation, and the human side of R&D. She has been the manager of large international projects, both EU- and industry-funded, where she has been responsible for the development of Community of Interests among Russian SMEs and the establishment of an Innovation Audit Tool for South-Australian SMEs. She is the editor of two books on knowledge management and business development, and she is the author of several scientific publications. She has delivered seminars and intermediary training sessions related to innovation as well as lectures on project management. Her international experience includes several European countries as well as Brazil, Russia, Australia, and Malaysia. %2 Lux Research Mark Bünger is Vice President of Research at Lux Research. Since joining Lux in 2005, Mark Bünger has seeded, launched, and led many of the company’s intelligence services and consulting work, ranging from bio-based fuels and chemicals to big data in agriculture and healthcare. Mark previously worked at Forrester Research, Accenture, and several successful startups. His business education at Mälardalen Polytechnic (Sweden) and the University of Texas (United States) focused on market research, complemented by studies and lab work in neurology and bioengineering at the University of California (Berkeley and UCSF). He is a standing guest lecturer at UC Berkeley and collaborates widely on studies of innovation with Fraunhofer Institute (Germany), LUMS (Pakistan), Masdar (Abu Dhabi), and the Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering, among others. %3 Pforzheim University Claus Lang-Koetz is Professor for Sustainable Technology and Innovation Management at Pforzheim University in Pforzheim near Stuttgart, Germany. His research interests are management methods and tools that help companies to deal with innovation ideas and implement them into resource efficient products and solutions – while using new technologies where appropriate. Claus studied Environmental Engineering (Dipl.-Ing.) and Water Resources Engineering and Management (MSc) in Germany and the United States. He worked in applied research at University of Stuttgart and Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering from 2000 until 2009 and obtained a doctorate in Engineering Science (Dr.-Ing.) at the University of Stuttgart in 2006. From 2009 through 2014, he was Head of Innovation Management at Eisenmann SE, a plant engineering and equipment firm supplying, for example, systems for surface finishing technology worldwide. %4 Fraunhofer IAO and Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Frank Wagner is Head of the Competence Centre R&D Management at Fraunhofer IAO and a lecturer in Technology Management at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Based in Brisbane, Australia, as a Professor at Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Frank is working on R&D and innovation projects mostly relating to the Innovation Manufacturing CRC and Assistive Technologies. He has over two decades of experience in implementing numerous innovation and technology management, corporate development, and organizational design projects across various sectors in Australia, Asia, America, and Europe. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/977 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Insights (March 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K bootlegging %K crowdfunding %K emerging markets %K frugal innovation %K patterns %K quintuple helix %K underground innovation %K urban living lab %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 03/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/969 %N 3 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/969 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2016 %T Editorial: Managing Innovation (April 2016) %A Chris McPhee %K creativity %K cybersecurity %K entrepreneurship %K frugal innovation %K innovation %K managing innovation %K national culture %K Open innovation %K projects %K startups %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 6 %P 3-4 %8 04/2016 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/976 %N 4 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He has over 15 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/976