%0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2021 %T Discovery and Validation of Business Models: How B2B Startups can use Business Experiments %A Patrick Brecht %A Daniel Hendriks %A Anja Stroebele %A Carsten H. Hahn %A Ingmar Wolff %K B2B Startup %K Business Experiment Design %K Business Experiments %K business model %K Customer Development Process %K Four-Step Iterative Cycle %K Growth Hacking %K lean startup %X Startups searching for a business model face uncertainty. This research aims to demonstrates how B2B startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business model's desirability quickly and cost-effectively. The research study follows a design science approach by focusing on two main steps: build and evaluate. We first created a B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework based on well-known earlier frameworks. After that, we applied the framework to the case of the German startup heliopas.ai. The framework consists of four steps (1) implementation of a measurement system, (2) hypothesis development and prioritization, (3) discovery, and (4) validation. Within its application, we conducted business experiments, including online and offline advertisements, as well as interviews. This research contributes in several ways to the understanding of how B2B-startups can use business experiments to discover and validate their business models: First, the designed B2B-Startup Experimentation Framework can serve as a guideline for company founders. Second, the results were used to improve the existing business model of the German B2B startup heliopas.ai. Finally, applying the framework allowed us to formulate design principles for creating business experiments. The design principles used in the study can be further tested in future studies. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 11 %P 17-31 %8 03/2021 %G eng %U timreview.ca/article/1426 %N 3 %1 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Patrick Brecht, M.Sc., works as a research associate at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences after completing his study in industrial engineering with a focus on sales. In addition to his passion for sales, he has a growing fascination for science and entrepreneurship. In his role as project manager at the xLab, Experimental Lab for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, he supports startups in the area of business model innovation. His focus lies in validating startup potential within the field of smart business experiments and platform business models. %2 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Daniel Hendriks, B.Sc., studied business administration and industrial engineering, focusing on service-oriented business model development at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. He works as a research associate at xLab of the University of Applied Sciences as an expert on B2B startup experimentation and Lean Startup. Besides his work, he is perusing a master’s degree at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in business administration and industrial engineering. %3 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Anja Ströbele, B.Sc., is a research associate of the xLab at the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences. Her main research interests are in the fields of innovation, platform business models, and experimentation. During her studies, she developed a passion for research and an interest in innovation and entrepreneurship from analyzing the factors that turn a user innovator into a social entrepreneur with the help of theories of planned behavior. Her current master’s degree focus is on marketing-finance that not only provides an understanding of the interface of these two disciplines, but also gives insights into design process models to create financial innovations. She currently works analyzing service management failures by applying probabilistic Bayesian modeling on collections of text documents. %4 Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Carsten Hahn works as a director of research and innovation at SAP and additionally holds a professorship for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe. After studying business informatics at the University of Mannheim and doing his doctorate in Marketing at the University of Mainz, he began his career as an assistant to the executive board of SAP. Carsten serves as a visiting lecturer at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his academic work, he founded the xLab, which deals with entrepreneurship and innovation concepts in research, teaching, and practical application. %# heliopas.ai Ingmar Wolff, M.Sc., is always passionate about innovation and entrepreneurship, has founded two startups, and financed his studies with a sales business. He completed his studies in industrial engineering with a focus on entrepreneurship and computer science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Afterwards, he consulted for startups on product-market fit and technology at the SAP startup incubator “innoWerft”. After working at KIT as a research associate in the domain of automated machine learning, he founded his current company heliopas.ai GmbH, which provides AI-powered irrigation advice to farmers. %& 17 %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1426 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Editorial: Living Labs (December 2018) %A Chris McPhee %A Seppo Leminen %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Mika Westerlund %A Eelko Huizingh %K analysis %K constructs %K cultural space %K definition %K ENoLL %K framework %K innovation %K ISPIM %K lean startup %K library %K living labs %K methodology %K stakeholder %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 3-6 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1200 %N 12 %1 Technology Innovation Management Review Chris McPhee is Editor-in-Chief of the Technology Innovation Management Review. Chris holds an MASc degree in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and BScH and MSc degrees in Biology from Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He has nearly 20 years of management, design, and content-development experience in Canada and Scotland, primarily in the science, health, and education sectors. As an advisor and editor, he helps entrepreneurs, executives, and researchers develop and express their ideas. %2 Pellervo Economic Research, Aalto University, and Carleton University Seppo Leminen is a Research Director at Pellervo Economic Research in Finland, and he serves as an Adjunct Professor of Business Development at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, and as an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He holds a doctoral degree in Marketing from the Hanken School of Economics in Finland and a doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from the School of Science at Aalto University. His research and consulting interests include living labs, open innovation, innovation ecosystems, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. He is serving as an associate editor in the BRQ Business Research Quarterly, on the editorial board of the Journal of Small Business Management, as a member of the Review Board for the Technology Innovation Management Review, and on the Scientific Panel of the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Prior to his appointment at Aalto University, he worked in the ICT and pulp and paper industries. %3 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %4 Carleton University Mika Westerlund, DSc (Econ), is an Associate Professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He previously held positions as a Postdoctoral Scholar in the Haas School of Business at the University of California Berkeley and in the School of Economics at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland. Mika earned his doctoral degree in Marketing from the Helsinki School of Economics in Finland. His research interests include open and user innovation, the Internet of Things, business strategy, and management models in high-tech and service-intensive industries. %# University of Groningen Eelko Huizingh is an Associate Professor of Innovation Management and Director of the Innovation Centre of Expertise Vinci at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. He is founder of Huizingh Academic Development, offering workshops academic research and academic writing to increase the publishing performance of academics. He is also the Director of Scientific Affairs for the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). His academic research focuses on the intersection of innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing, and information technology. He has authored over 350 articles, has edited more than 30 special issues of journals, and has published several textbooks. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1200 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Lean Commercialization: A New Framework for Commercializing High Technologies %A Saheed A. Gbadegeshin %K Finland %K high technologies %K lean commercialization %K lean startup %K technology-based companies %X Commercializing high technologies is expensive, tedious, and resource intensive. Meanwhile, there is a need for quick diffusion of innovations due to economic pressures for companies and research institutes. Therefore, this article proposes a new framework: lean commercialization. The framework represents a transformation of new technology and knowledge to products and services through the application of the lean/agile methodology. This methodology focuses on how resources can be minimized during the development, manufacturing, and marketing of new products and services, while still being accepted by customers. The lean commercialization framework was developed from a case study of high-technology companies and by interviewing commercialization experts. This article contributes to the theory and practice of commercialization of high technologies and provides a procedure for the practical application of the lean commercialization framework. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 50-63 %8 09/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1186 %N 9 %1 University of Turku Saheed A. Gbadegeshin is a PhD Candidate at Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland. His research interests include commercialization, high technology, the lean startup methodology, entrepreneurship, business internationalization, and family-run businesses. He holds an MSc degree in Entrepreneurship from the University of Jyväskylä and an MBA in International Business Management from Turku University of Applied Sciences in Finland. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1186 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2018 %T Living Labs versus Lean Startups: An Empirical Investigation %A Dimitri Schuurman %A Sonja M. Protic %K entrepreneurs %K impact %K Innovation management %K lean startup %K Living lab %K Open innovation %K testing %K user innovation %X Although we seem to be living in an era where founding a startup has never been easier, studies point to the high mortality rates of these organizations. This “startup hype” has also induced many practitioner-based innovation management approaches that lack empirical studies and validation. Moreover, a lot of these approaches have rather similar angles, but use different wordings. Therefore, in this article, we look into two of these “hyped” concepts: the lean startup and living labs. We review the academic studies on these topics and explore a sample of 86 entrepreneurial projects based on project characteristics and outcomes. Our main finding is that the two approaches appear to be complementary. Living labs are powerful instruments to implement the principles of the lean startup, as the real-life testing and multi-disciplinary approach of living labs seem to generate more actionable outcomes. However, living labs also require the flexibility of a startup – ideally a lean one – to actually deliver this promise. Thus, rather than picking a winner in this comparison, we argue that combining the concepts’ different strengths can bring clear benefits. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 8 %P 7-16 %8 12/2018 %G eng %U https://timreview.ca/article/1201 %N 12 %1 imec.livinglabs Dimitri Schuurman is the Team Lead of the Business Model and User Research Team at imec.livinglabs. He holds a PhD and a Master’s degree in Communication Sciences from Ghent University in Belgium. Together with his imec colleagues, Dimitri developed a specific living lab offering targeted at entrepreneurs in which he has managed over 100 innovation projects. He is also active in the International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM) and in the European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL) as a living labs specialist. His main interests and research topics are situated in the domains of open innovation, user innovation, and innovation management. %2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Sonja M. Protic is a Researcher at the Institute of Production and Logistics at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna. She finished her Master’s studies in Environmental Science and her Bachelor studies in Business Administration. She has several years of work experience in national and European research projects and in international project development for a multilateral organization. Her research interests include sustainable freight transport, innovation management, and living labs. She is enrolled as a doctoral student, writing her doctoral thesis in the field of innovation systems at multimodal inland terminals. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1201 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Accelerating Research Innovation by Adopting the Lean Startup Paradigm %A Kaisa Still %K commercialization %K context %K innovation %K innovation acceleration %K innovation paradox %K lean startup %K research %K research organization %K VTT %X Converting scientific expertise into marketable products and services is playing an increasingly important role in the launching of new ventures, the growth of existing firms, and the creation of new jobs. In this article, we explore how the lean startup paradigm, which validates the market for a product with a business model that can sustain subsequent scaling, has led to a new process model to accelerate innovation. We then apply this paradigm to the context of research at universities and other research organizations. The article is based on the assumption that the organizational context matters, and it shows how a deeper understanding of the research context could enable an acceleration of the innovation process. We complement theoretical examples with a case example from VTT Technical Research Institute of Finland. Our findings show that many of the concepts from early-acceleration phases – and the lean startup paradigm – can also be relevant in innovation discussions within the research context. However, the phase of value-proposition discovery is less adequately addressed, and that of growth discovery, with its emphasis on building on a scalable, sustainable business does not seem to be addressed with the presented innovation approaches from the research context. Hence, the entrepreneurial activities at the research context differ from those in startups and internal startups in established organizations. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 32-43 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1075 %N 5 %1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Kaisa Still is a Senior Scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. She has extensive experience of innovation management gained within a research organization and a university, in a startup and in growth companies, as well as in a business incubator. Supporting collaboration, co-creation and innovation with technology continues to be at the core of her interests. Her current work concentrates on platforms and innovation ecosystems, accelerating innovation activities, and digital opportunities. Combined with the policy perspective, her work extends to private and public organizations, in regional and global contexts. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1075 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Platforms for Innovation and Internationalization %A Erik Stavnsager Rasmussen %A Nicolaj Hannesbo Petersen %K globalization %K innovation %K internationalization %K lean and global startups %K lean startup %K platform %X The high-tech global startup has many challenges related to both innovation and internationalization. From a Danish cluster of Welfare Tech firms, eight innovative and international firms were selected and interviewed. Such firms typically have to be agile and operate in virtual networks in almost all parts of their value chains. This article contributes to the understanding of how innovation and internationalization to a great extent are interlinked. The firms have developed a core product or service offering, which the firms often describe as “a platform”. Around the platform, they develop their products and services for new customers and users in new countries. The firms have to sustain a strong focus on the platform while at the same time developing their platform solution for new products, new customers, and new markets. This pivoting makes it possible to use the platform in a new context but is highly demanding for the firms. They need to be extremely agile and fast-moving but at the same time still to have a focus on the core of the firm: the platform. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 23-31 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1074 %N 5 %1 University of Southern Denmark Erik S. Rasmussen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He received his PhD in 2001 from the University of Southern Denmark, focusing on fast-internationalizing small and medium-sized firms. His research focuses especially on international entrepreneurship and born-global firms. In recent years, he has particularly focused on studying international entrepreneurs that can avoid domestic path dependence by establishing ventures that, from the beginning, develop routines for a multi-cultural workforce, coordinate resources across nations, and target customers in several geographic places simultaneously. Furthermore, he has published a number of articles about lean and global startups combining the lean startup and born-global theories. %2 University of Southern Denmark Nicolaj Hannesbo Petersen is a PhD student in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. A particular focus of the project is on innovation and internationalization processes anchored in the structure of relationships among SMEs. The network perspective is concentrated on a Danish publicly funded welfare/health technology cluster. Central aspects of the work include how and why embedded opportunities and constraints evolve and are made sense of through the network for economic action. Nicolaj’s work experience was gained from practice through innovation consultancy in the venture capitalist industry. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1074 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2017 %T Is There a Lean Future for Global Startups? %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global %K global startup %K international entrepreneurship %K international new venture %K lean global startup %K lean startup %K technology startup %X This article integrates insights from the latest research on the lean startup entrepreneurial method, born-global firms, and global startups. It contributes to the clarification of terminology referring to the global aspects of startups, summarizes insights from previous literature focusing on global startups, and further substantiates the articulation of the need for considering the lean global startup as a new type of firm. The main message is that the lessons learned from the emergence of lean startup entrepreneurship offer a basis for promoting a similar lean phase in technology-based global startup research and practice. The analysis should benefit both researchers and practitioners in technology entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, and global innovation management. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 7 %P 6-15 %8 05/2017 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/1072 %N 5 %1 Southern Denmark University Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Southern Denmark University (SDU) in Odense. Dr. Tanev is leading the Technology Entrepreneurship stream of the Master Program of Product Development and Innovation at SDU. He is also an Adjunct Research Professor in the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he is associated with the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of global technology entrepreneurship, technology innovation management, business model design, and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review, the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory, and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1072 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2015 %T The Emergence of the Lean Global Startup as a New Type of Firm %A Erik Stavnsager Rasmussen %A Stoyan Tanev %K born global firm %K early internationalization %K effectuation theory %K hypothesis-driven entrepreneurship %K international entrepreneurship %K lean and global start-up %K lean and global startup %K lean startup %K technology adoption lifecycle %X This article contributes to the interplay between international entrepreneurship, innovation networks, and early internationalization research by emphasizing the need to conceptualize and introduce a new type of firm: the lean global startup. It discussed two different paths in linking the lean startup and born-global internationalization strategies. The first path refers to generic lean startups that have undertaken a rapid internationalization strategy (i.e., lean-to-global startups). The second path refers to startups that have started operating on global scale since their inception and adopted the lean startup approach by seamlessly synergizing their global and lean product development activities. The article emphasizes several aspects that could be used as part of the theoretical foundation for conceptualizing lean global startups as a special new type of firm: i) the emergent nature of their business models, including the challenges of partnership development on a global scale; ii) the inherently relational nature of the global resource allocation processes; iii) the integration of the entrepreneurial, effectuation, and global marketing perspectives; iv) the need to deal with a high degree of uncertainty, including the uncertainty associated with cross-border business operations; and v) linking the ex-ante characteristics of lean startups with the ex-post characteristics of born-global firms in order to develop a technology adoption marketing perspective that considers the “crossing the chasm” process as a successful entry into a global market niche. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 5 %P 12-19 %8 11/2015 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/941 %N 11 %1 University of Southern Denmark Erik S. Rasmussen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing and Management at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He received his PhD in 2001 from the University of Southern Denmark, focusing on the fast Internationalizing of Danish small and medium-sized firms. His research focuses especially on international entrepreneurship and born-global firms. In recent years, he has particularly focused on studying international entrepreneurs that can avoid domestic path dependence by establishing ventures that, from the beginning, develop routines for a multi-cultural workforce, coordinate resources across nations, and target customers in several geographic places simultaneously. %2 University of Southern Denmark Stoyan Tanev is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, where he was previously a faculty member in the Technology Innovation Management Program. He has a MSc and a PhD in Physics jointly from the University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, a PhD in Theology from the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, an MEng in Technology Innovation Management from Carleton University, Canada, and an MA from the University of Sherbrooke, Canada. He has multidisciplinary research interests with a focus on the fields of technology innovation management, global technology entrepreneurship, business model design and value co-creation. Dr. Tanev is Senior IEEE member, as well as member of the editorial boards of the Technology Innovation Management Review and the International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/941 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2014 %T Improvising Entrepreneurship %A Tom Duxbury %K adaptation %K agile development %K bricolage %K effectuation %K entrepreneurship %K improvisation %K improvised behaviour %K lean startup %X Improvisation is reviewed in the context of mainstream routines that modern startups use to adapt to changing environments. The increasing interest in flexible methodologies such as lean startup is one indication that organizations need to consider alternatives when the rate of change exceeds the ability to plan for it. Empirical studies indicate that improvisation is an important, yet understudied part of organizational life in new ventures. It is argued that entrepreneurs improvise not just out of necessity, but because they have chosen an occupation that is congruent with the practice and likely have a disposition towards the behaviour. Lessons from contexts in jazz and theatre are provided for entrepreneurs, and it is recommended that evidence of past success with improvisation be used to select candidates for improvisational work. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 4 %P 22-26 %8 07/2014 %G eng %U http://timreview.ca/article/809 %N 7 %1 Carleton University Tom Duxbury teaches innovation and entrepreneurship at the Sprott School of Business, Carleton University, where he is a PhD candidate. A serial entrepreneur, startup advisor, and executive, Tom has co-founded several technology ventures and been awarded a variety of patents. Tom earned an engineering degree from the University of Waterloo and an MBA from Queen's University. He is currently developing a behaviour-based measure of improvisation as part of his doctoral research. For further information, or to participate in his study of improvisation, please contact the author. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/809 %0 Journal Article %J Technology Innovation Management Review %D 2012 %T Minimum Viable Product and the Importance of Experimentation in Technology Startups %A Dobrila Rancic Moogk %K lean startup %K minimum viable product %K MVP %X Entrepreneurs are often faced with limited resources in their quest to commercialize new technology. This article presents the model of a lean startup, which can be applied to an organization regardless of its size or environment. It also emphasizes the conditions of extreme uncertainty under which the commercialization of new technology is carried out. The lean startup philosophy advocates efficient use of resources by introducing a minimum viable product to the market as soon as possible in order to test its value and the entrepreneur’s growth projections. This testing is done by running experiments that examine the metrics relevant to three distinct types of the growth. These experiments bring about accelerated learning to help reduce the uncertainty that accompanies commercialization projects, thereby bringing the resulting new technology to market faster. %B Technology Innovation Management Review %I Talent First Network %C Ottawa %V 2 %P 23-26 %8 03/2012 %U http://timreview.ca/article/535 %N 3 %1 ADM Consulting Dobrila Rancic Moogk has over 19 years of executive and leadership experience in R&D, marketing, product management, and people management roles in high-tech companies ranging from startups to multinationals in North America and Europe. She is currently working on business strategy, product development, and corporate development with several high-tech startups. Her interests are in the area of increasing the efficiency of innovation commercialization. Also, Dobrila serves as a vice-chair with the University of Ottawa Women in Engineering and Computer Science committee and a vice-chair on the Volunteer Ottawa Board of Directors. Dobrila has a BSEE as well as Master of Engineering and MBA degrees from the University of Ottawa. %R http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/535