TY - JOUR T1 - Gender-Specific Constraints on Academic Entrepreneurship and Engagement in Knowledge and Technology Transfer JF - Technology Innovation Management Review Y1 - 2018 A1 - Anna Sinell A1 - Roda Müller-Wieland A1 - Antonia Muschner KW - academic entrepreneurship KW - academic spin-offs KW - gender KW - qualitative study KW - research-based companies AB - This article analyzes gender-specific constraints impacting scientists’ engagement in knowledge and technology transfer and entrepreneurial activities at public research institutions in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To this end, we followed an exploratory case study approach and conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 40 academic entrepreneurs. The analysis revealed constraints impacting scientists’ active engagement in transfer and entrepreneurship on two levels. On the meta-level, we identified constraints related to: i) nationwide transfer culture and ii) funding guidelines and structures. On the operational level, we identified constraints related to: i) organizational strategies and practices; ii) organizational culture; and iii) individual attributes and attitudes. By analyzing gender differences among these constraints, the study contributes to an understanding of varying needs for gender-specific founding support programs. The study also derives several implications for managing transfer at research organizations. PB - Talent First Network CY - Ottawa VL - 8 UR - http://timreview.ca/article/1136 IS - 2 U1 - Fraunhofer IAO Anna Sinell is a Senior Scientist at the Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany. Her research focus lies on knowledge and technology transfer, especially with regards to the analysis of academic entrepreneurship. She recently completed her PhD dissertation on the topic of “Strategies for Fostering Academic Entrepreneurship” at Technische Universität Berlin. Through her interdisciplinary studies of psychology and engineering, she gained multiple competencies in fields of empirical testing methods and techniques. U2 - Fraunhofer IAO Roda Müller-Wieland is a Research Assistant at the Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany. Her research focuses on the analysis of organizational culture, change and innovation processes, as well as on academic entrepreneurship in the context of knowledge and technology transfer. In her research, gender equality is taken into account as a cross-cutting theme. She holds an MSc in Psychology from Stellenbosch University in South Africa and the University of Hamburg, Germany, through which she gained multiple competencies in qualitative research methods and techniques. U3 - Fraunhofer IAO Antonia Muschner is a Research Assistant at the Center for Responsible Research and Innovation at Fraunhofer IAO in Berlin, Germany. Her research focuses on various aspects of knowledge and technology transfer such as academic entrepreneurship, university–industry cooperation, and new formats of collaboration in innovation ecosystems. Furthermore, she was involved in projects looking at gender equality in German academia. She holds an MA in Sociology of Technology and has studied both sociology and cultural studies with a focus on qualitative research methods, sustainable innovation, and entrepreneurship in Berlin, Frankfurt/Oder, and Warsaw. ER -