01835nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260004200239300001000281490000600291520098400297653001801281653002901299653003001328653002401358653000901382653002201391653004201413653001501455653002201470100001901492700002101511856003701532       2016                        eng d  a1927-032100aCollaborative Innovation with External Actors: An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities0 aCollaborative Innovation with External Actors An Empirical Study  aOttawabTalent First Networkc12/2016  a49-600 v63 aDespite the rapid increase of public–private–people partnership (PPPP) programs at the global scale, the scientific knowledge of collaborative innovation in cities is scarce. All smart city initiatives emphasize collaborative innovation for better services and products to address the needs and problems of modern cities. Indeed, there is an evident need for both scientific and practical knowledge in this area. Based on an extensive empirical study of open innovation platforms in smart cities, this article seeks to address this knowledge gap by increasing the knowledge of opportunities and challenges of collaborative innovation between a city and external actors, including companies, third sector organizations, research institutions, and citizens. The opportunities relate to novel services, products, and solutions, as well as economic gains, regional development, and systemic and process improvements. The challenges relate to city governments and external actors.10acollaboration10acollaborative innovation10ainnovation intermediaries10ainnovation platform10aPPPP10apublic innovation10apublic–private–people partnership10asmart city10aurban development1 aOjasalo, Jukka1 aKauppinen, Heini  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/104101606nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260004200224300001000266490000600276520090000282653001401182653001701196653001701213653002201230653003001252653001501282100002301297700002001320856003601340       2016                        eng d  a1927-032100aThe Evolution of Intermediary Activities: Broadening the Concept of Facilitation in Living Labs0 aEvolution of Intermediary Activities Broadening the Concept of F  aOttawabTalent First Networkc01/2016  a45-580 v63 aInnovation intermediaries play an important role in open innovation endeavours. In living lab projects, where different professional identities and organizational cultures are at play, intermediary actors facilitate learning between stakeholders and manage tensions and conflicts of interest. The current living lab literature recognizes the importance and multifacetedness of these actors, but does not shed light on the work they do at a more practical level. Our study seeks to capture the variety and evolution of work tasks of user-side innovation intermediaries during and after a four-year technology project in a living lab. The study explores how these mediating actors tackle the everyday challenges of a living lab project. This article is grounded on a longitudinal qualitative case study of a innovation process for a floor monitoring system for elderly care – the "smart floor". 10aco-design10aelderly care10afacilitation10ahealth technology10ainnovation intermediaries10aLiving lab1 aHakkarainen, Louna1 aHyysalo, Sampsa  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/960