02255nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260004200247300001000289490000600299520157400305653001101879653001501890653001501905653001901920653001501939653001901954100002801973856003602001       2015                        eng d  a1927-032100aGovernance Solutions for Wicked Problems: Metropolitan Innovation Ecosystems as Frontrunners to Sustainable Well-Being0 aGovernance Solutions for Wicked Problems Metropolitan Innovation  aOttawabTalent First Networkc10/2015  a31-410 v53 aThe growing specialization and interdependence of societies as well as their rapid technological and economic transformation have increased the level of uncertainty and complexity in decision making and the role of wicked problems in policy making. This article analyzes the nature and evolution of wicked problems and argues that they stem from the gap between the complexity of the policy problem and the variety of the corresponding governance arrangements. This complexity gap can be closed with new governance solutions that include participation, interaction, and cooperation among stakeholders; collective learning processes; coordination by mutual adjustment and clear systemic direction, decentralization, diversity, and experimentation; and effective measures to overcome system rigidities and development bottlenecks. For several reasons, cities and metropolitan areas provide ideal ecosystems for addressing wicked problems. They have the requisite variety of resources, capabilities and services, physical proximity that facilitates rich face-to-face communication, learning and cooperation, as well as the right scope for producing and experimenting with the necessary public goods and services. The article concludes by arguing that Finland could become a global frontrunner in solving wicked problems in policy making by adopting a strategy of sustainable well-being. This strategy would build on the world-class well-being knowledge within the Finnish welfare state and the rapidly growing international research on subjective well-being and happiness.10acities10acomplexity10agovernance10asustainability10awell-being10awicked problem1 aHämäläinen, Timo, J.  uhttp://timreview.ca/article/935