@article {1434,
	title = {Framing Multi-Stakeholder Value Propositions: A wicked problem lens},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {26-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {26},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Balancing various stakeholder (often contradictory) expectations creates tensions when developing value propositions for a new firm. Customers, funders, owners, and society-at-large often expect different value outcomes from a firm. They therefore have different motivations for being involved in the firm. These differences in value expectations are more strongly expressed in technology-based ventures, which often rely heavily on access to heterogeneous external resources such as capital, specialised knowledge, distribution, and service. In this paper, we use a wicked problem lens to explore specific challenges for companies to mediate seemingly contradictory propositions. We use two dimensions of wicked problems involving complexity and complicatedness, and conduct a secondary analysis of seven technology venture case studies from Australia and New Zealand. We then categorise the configuration types of these firms{\textquoteright} stakeholder value propositions in the context of their scale-up process. We contribute to the value proposition and business model development research streams by suggesting that the challenge of mediating value propositions that conflict can manifest itself in four types of configurations: easy, complicated, complex and wicked. Complicated and complex propositions are thorny, but with structures and processes in place, they can be adequately addressed. On the other hand, wicked propositions consist of many unknowns and require firms to collaborate with stakeholders to derive outcomes that align company scaling objective with stakeholder value propositions.},
	keywords = {complexity, complicatedness, scaling-up, stakeholders, value proposition, wicked problem},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1434},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1434},
	author = {Yat Ming Ooi and Kenneth Husted}
}
@article {1407,
	title = {Facebook{\textquoteright}s Digital Currency Venture {\textquotedblleft}Diem{\textquotedblright}:  the new Frontier ... or a Galaxy far, far away?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12/2020},
	pages = {19-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {20},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article focuses on Facebook{\textquoteright}s new digital currency, initially called "Libra" and renamed in December 2020 "Diem", that has been designed and proposed by the Diem Association (formerly the Libra Association). It briefly reflects on the historical meaning of money and currency, as well as "local currencies" viewed as precursors to the new "digital currencies" or "cryptocurrencies". The paper presents a general overview of the Diem project, particularly from the perspective of financial theory and practise. It looks specifically into Diem{\textquoteright}s business model and analyzes the project{\textquoteright}s planned and potential revenue streams, according to official documents published by the Diem Association. The research identifies potential obstacles and hurdles this digital currency would (since it has not happened yet) face on launch day and assesses whether the project is feasible in its current form. In the authors{\textquoteright} view, although some early concerns were addressed in the Diem White Paper 2.0, the Diem project is only questionably ready for commercial launch in its current state. Speaking directly to the financial aspects of the Diem Association{\textquoteright}s project, the current regulatory hurdles and institutional pressures seem difficult to bypass without making some additional noticeable and meaningful changes to Diem.},
	keywords = {Bitcoin, blockchain, crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, Diem, Diem Association, digital currency, distributed ledger technology, Facebook, fiat currencies, financial inclusion, Financial industry, Libra, local currencies, tokenization},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1407},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1407},
	author = {Jahja Rrustemi and Nils S. Tuchschmid}
}
@article {1368,
	title = {Fundraising Campaigns in a Digital Economy: Lessons from a Swiss Synthetic Diamond Venture{\textquoteright}s Initial Coin Offering (ICO)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {53-63},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {53},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {As economies digitalize and many local businesses gradually internationalize, crowdfunding platforms have offered a new way for ventures to raise capital. Relying on distributed ledger technology (DLT, blockchain), the method of "tokenization" now seems to be the next way for digital economics to be actualised in practise. Digitalizing some of the production and selling processes through crypto-tokenization technology has brought with it new perspectives and opportunities. Any thorough consideration of the logic of "distributed systems" applied to economics is bound to see that it potentially brings considerable disruptions and significant changes in how companies get access to funding. Cryptocurrencies, and subsequently "tokens" initially issued from "initial coin offerings" (ICOs) have answered an obvious need for efficient, borderless, and secure flows of capital. This article first summarizes what early academic research tells us about ICOs based on DLTs and their factors of success. We then use the case of LakeDiamond, a Swiss venture in the business of growing and polishing synthetic diamonds, to present and contextualize the process of holding an ICO, which ultimately did not succeed. In the final section, we present two fund raising models that have recently gained traction and popularity, namely "security token offerings" (STOs) and "initial exchange offerings" (IEOs), and highlight their main advantages compared to ICOs.},
	keywords = {Bitcoin, blockchain, crowdfunding, crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, distributed ledger technology, entrepreneurial finance, Ethereum, Financial industry, FinTech, ICOs, IEO, moral hazard., signaling, STO, token offering, token sales, tokenization, venture capital},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1368},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1368},
	author = {Jahja Rrustemi and Nils S. Tuchschmid}
}
@article {1204,
	title = {A Framework for Field Testing in Living Lab Innovation Projects},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12/2018},
	pages = {40-50},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Within innovation research and, more specifically, living lab projects, a crucial component is to test an innovation in a real-life context with potential end users. Such a field test can validate assumptions by combining insights on behaviour and attitudes towards the innovation. This allows for iterative tailoring of the innovation to the needs and wants of the potential end users. Moreover, relevant insights can be gathered to stop or rescope the innovation project before big investments are made. Although studies indicate that testing innovations (or prototypes) in real-life contexts improves the innovation process, there is no specific framework on how to conduct a field test for an innovation. This is important because, in living lab field tests, users are actively involved in co-creating the solutions, which impacts the operational side of setting up living lab projects. Therefore, within this article, we propose a framework for field testing based on the degree to which it reflects reality and the stage within the living lab process. We distinguish four types of field tests: concept, mock-up, pilot, and go2market field test. Based on this framework, we propose some practical guidelines for setting up living lab field tests.},
	keywords = {context research, field test, living labs, testing, user innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1204},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1204},
	author = {Lynn Coorevits and Annabel Georges and Dimitri Schuurman}
}
@article {1144,
	title = {From Closed to Open Innovation in Emerging Economies: Evidence from the Chemical Industry in Brazil},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {03/2018},
	pages = {26-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In this article, we examine how firms in an emerging economy perform research and development (R\&D) activities in regards to the concept of open innovation. Most literature on open innovation shows multinational knowledge-intensive firms with well-established R\&D processes mainly in developed countries. Searching for management contributions for firms in emerging economies, we qualitatively analyzed two chemical firms in Southern Brazil that have different profiles and are representative samples of typical firms in the region. Our results show that firms did not fully exploit the potential benefits brought by open innovation, even when complete opening was not the main goal. The firms were similar concerning interactions with partners and stages where relationships occur. The generation of ideas was an open activity performed both by firms and by clients, and interactions with universities were getting stronger. On the other hand, intellectual property has not been used as means of profiting from innovation activities. Our main finding refers to the internal mediation of relationships with partners. R\&D teams rarely contact external organizations directly; instead, they leave such interactions to other departments within their firms. Relationships with clients are mediated through technical and commercial departments, and interactions with suppliers are intermediated by the supply staff.},
	keywords = {collaboration, emerging economy, intermediary, Open innovation, R\&D},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1144},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1144},
	author = {Elisa Thomas}
}
@article {1175,
	title = {From Importing Innovations to Co-Producing Them: Transdisciplinary Approaches to the Development of Online Land Management Tools},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {16-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {While traditional approaches to innovation diffusion often assume that innovations come from outside a local system, transdisciplinary co-production offers an alternative paradigm in which local stakeholders are engaged as co-producers of innovations. The use of digital online tools for agriculture, conservation, and citizen science is an area of expanding opportunities, but landholders are often dependent on tools developed outside their local communities. This article looks at the potential for transdisciplinary co-production to be used as a framework for more participatory development of digital online land management tools, with a case study from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. This research has implications beyond rural land management to other industries and contexts where reflexive and integrative strategies are needed to overcome barriers to stakeholder participation and engagement with new technologies.},
	keywords = {adaptive, co-production, collaboration, decision-support, innovation, land management, tools, transdisciplinary},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1175},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1175},
	author = {Alex Baumber and Graciela Metternicht and Peter Ampt and Rebecca Cross and Emily Berry}
}
@article {1163,
	title = {From Organizations to Organizational Fields: The Evolution of Civic Innovation Ecosystems},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {06/2018},
	pages = {34-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Contemporary approaches to urban technology emphasize local {\textquotedblleft}innovation ecosystems{\textquotedblright}. Two organizational models {\textendash} living labs and innovation integrators {\textendash} are commonly used as hubs to broker these ecosystems. Curiously, both coexist in some cities, allowing a comparison of their impact and an analysis of their development over time and in context. The case studies presented in this article suggest that our analytical frameworks for technology policy may fall short, in that they contemplate only the organizations themselves {\textendash} the living labs or innovation integrators. The dynamics observed in each city are well articulated, however, in the sociotechnical systems literature. The hub can be understood as a {\textquotedblleft}niche{\textquotedblright}, which fosters radical innovations and new processes. As these prototypes are increasingly deployed and accepted, there is a regime shift, ultimately creating an experimentalist culture that fills the role previously held by the hub. This conclusion is neither a challenge to ecosystem theory nor a critique of innovation policy and its implementation. Rather, I suggest that we must extend these theoretical frameworks, drawing on sociotechnical systems literature to better account for institutions and for systems change as we design policy for urban technology. This article therefore makes a contribution by using a sociotechnical systems lens to explain the evolution of local urban innovation ecosystems.},
	keywords = {city, civic technology, innovation policy, innovation systems, Living lab},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = { http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1163},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1163},
	author = {Matthew Claudel}
}
@article {1148,
	title = {Frugal or Fair? The Unfulfilled Promises of Frugal Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {04/2018},
	pages = {6-13},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Frugal innovation has become a popular buzzword among management and business scholars. However, despite its popularity, I argue that the frugal innovation literature, in its present form, is problematic for at least two reasons. First, the frugal innovation literature assumes that scarcity is a normal condition of the {\textquotedblleft}Global South{\textquotedblright}. In this article, I show that this assumption neglects the fact that scarcity can be socially constructed to deny certain social sectors the access to resources essential for their flourishing. Second, despite all the good intentions underpinning the idea of {\textquotedblleft}alleviating poverty{\textquotedblright}, frugal innovation studies rarely challenge, or even discuss, the causes of destitution and social exclusion. Innovation, as well as technology, is overwhelmingly framed in an agnostic and neutral way that sidelines the socio-economic complexity of the exclusion mechanisms that cause poverty and underdevelopment. By ignoring this, the frugal innovation literature risks limiting the understanding of the problems it seeks to solve and, most importantly, it risks limiting its impact. Most frugal innovation literature, in other words, seems to elude the fact that, rather than being a mere lack of resources or technology, poverty is a matter of social justice. In order to be empowering, technology has to be value-based, normative framed, socially controlled, and democratically debated. In this article, I propose that we should use these principles to develop a new wave of frugal innovation literature and practice. },
	keywords = {frugal innovation, inclusive innovation, scarcity, social justice},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1148},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1148},
	author = {Mario Pansera}
}
@article {1117,
	title = {The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0): A Social Innovation Perspective},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {11/2017},
	pages = {12-20},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The rapid pace of technological developments played a key role in the previous industrial revolutions. However, the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and its embedded technology diffusion progress is expected to grow exponentially in terms of technical change and socioeconomic impact. Therefore, coping with such transformation require a holistic approach that encompasses innovative and sustainable system solutions and not just technological ones. In this article, we propose a framework that can facilitate the interaction between technological and social innovation to continuously come up with proactive, and hence timely, sustainable strategies. These strategies can leverage economic rewards, enrich society at large, and protect the environment. The new forthcoming opportunities that will be generated through the next industrial wave are gigantic at all levels. However, the readiness for such revolutionary conversion require coupling the forces of technological innovation and social innovation under the sustainability umbrella. },
	keywords = {fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, social innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1117},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1117},
	author = {Rabeh Morrar and Husam Arman and Saeed Mousa}
}
@article {959,
	title = {Factors Affecting the Attrition of Test Users During Living Lab Field Trials},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {01/2016},
	pages = {35-44},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Next to active user involvement and a multi-method approach, a third major principle within living lab research consists of capturing the real-life context in which an innovation is used by end users. Field trials are a method to study the interaction of test users with an innovation in the context of use. However, when conducting field trials, there are several reasons why users stop participating in research activities, a phenomenon labelled as attrition. In this article, we elaborate on drop-outs during field trials by analyzing three post-trial surveys of living lab field trials. Our results show that several factors related to the innovation, as well as related to the field trial setup, play a role in attrition, including the lack of added value of the innovation and the extent to which the innovation satisfies the needs and time restrictions of test users. Based on our findings, we provide practical guidelines for managers to reduce attrition during field trials.},
	keywords = {attrition, drop-out, field trial, Living lab, Open innovation, user engagement, user involvement},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/959},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/959},
	author = {Annabel Georges and Dimitri Schuurman and Koen Vervoort}
}
@article {1000,
	title = {A Framework for Sustainable Circular Business Model Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	pages = {5-12},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The circular economy concept is a novel economic model aiming to foster sustainable economic growth, boost global competitiveness, and generate new jobs. In order to make the circular economy mainstream, radical and systemic innovation is needed. Currently, a majority of the business modelling tools and methods lack at least some of the identified and needed elements for innovating business models in a circular economy. In this article, we build a framework for sustainable circular business model innovation by adding important perspectives: recognizing trends and drivers at the ecosystem level; understanding value to partners and stakeholders within a business; and evaluating the impact of sustainability and circularity. We present the results of a case study with a startup company, which was designed to test the framework and provide a concrete example of its usage and future development needs.},
	keywords = {business canvas, business model, case study, circular economy, innovation, sustainability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1000},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1000},
	author = {Maria Antikainen and Katri Valkokari}
}
@article {830,
	title = {Finding the Signal in the Noise of Patent Citations: How to Focus on Relevance for Strategic Advantage},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {36-44},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Patent evaluations based on prior art citation data are business methodologies that can reveal hidden relationships between a patent and the associated prior art citations. These hidden relationships can further identify firms, actors and, technology and can identify strategic business relationships and opportunities. However, a fundamental problem with existing methodologies for discovering relevant relationships in citation data is noise. Citation noise obscures relevant relationships and impedes the potential value of these methodologies. This article reviews the literature on prior art citations as they relate to citation-based patent evaluation methodologies. A framework is presented to overcome citation noise and reveal relevant relationships to evaluate knowledge, technology, and invention properties, thereby opening up strategic and competitive advantages to the evaluating firm. The article provides guidance to executives and managers to help improve strategic decision making through relevant citation-based patent evaluations.},
	keywords = {citation noise, citation-based patent evaluation, intellectual property, literature review, patent evaluation, patent evaluation limitations, prior art citations},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/830},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/830},
	author = {Derek Smith}
}
@article {784,
	title = {Finnish Knowledge-Intensive Business Services in China: Market Entry and Position in the Value Chain},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	pages = {43-52},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The internationalization of companies offering knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) plays an important role in the general process of globalization. As the largest emerging market, China is attractive for Western KIBS. This article presents a case study on Finnish KIBS in China. Three companies in "clean tech" engineering, eco-cities design, and 3D media solutions describe the challenges and promoting factors in entering the Chinese markets. The study also examines the various ways of positioning the firm in the value chain through the roles of an integrator, a concept developer, and a multi-stage actor. Our findings illustrate the new business opportunities provided by China in advanced service sectors focusing on sustainability issues and creative content. },
	keywords = {internationalization of services, KIBS, knowledge-intensive business services, Western companies in China},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/784},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/784},
	author = {Sen Bao and Marja Toivonen}
}
@article {773,
	title = {Formulating an Executive Strategy for Big Data Analytics},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {03/2014},
	pages = {25-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The recent surge in big data technologies has left many executives, both of well-established organizations and emerging startups, wondering how best to harness big data. In particular, the analytics aspect of big data is enticing for both information technology (IT) service providers and non-IT firms because of its potential for high returns on investment, which have been heavily publicized, if not clearly demonstrated, by multiple whitepapers, webinars, and research surveys. Although executives may clearly perceive the benefits of big data analytics to their organizations, the path to the goal is not as clear or easy as it looks. And, it is not just the established organizations that have this challenge; even startups trying to take advantage of this big data analytics opportunity are facing the same problem of lack of clarity on what to do or how to formulate an executive strategy. This article is primarily for executives who are looking for help in formulating a strategy for achieving success with big data analytics in their operations. It provides guidelines to them plan an organization{\textquoteright}s short-term and long-term goals, and presents a strategy tool, known as the delta model, to develop a customer-centric approach to success with big data analytics.},
	keywords = {big data, business vision, executive strategy, IT entrepreneurship, predictive analytics},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/773},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/773},
	author = {Gopalakrishna Palem}
}
@article {731,
	title = {A Firm-Level Innovation Management Framework and Assessment Tool for Increasing Competitiveness},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10/2013},
	pages = {6-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Innovation depends on much more than just technology and R\&D. It is a means to an end {\textendash} competitive success and higher market value {\textendash} and it needs to be managed strategically and methodically for tangible corporate performance where it matters: in the market. This article introduces a comprehensive corporate innovation management framework (v-CIM) and a targeted competitiveness assessment tool (i-TCA). Properly used by corporate leaders, this framework and its associated tool enable innovation managers to decide on priorities for competitive development, adopt appropriate innovation strategies to meet corporate goals, monitor progress, make adjustments, and help create and maintain a culture of innovation that is aligned with business goals. },
	keywords = {competitiveness assessment, firm-level innovation, innovation models, innovation performance, management, management effectiveness, tools},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/731},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/731},
	author = {Sorin Cohn}
}
@article {750,
	title = {From Idea Crowdsourcing to Managing User Knowledge},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {12/2013},
	pages = {23-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article explores how technology companies can benefit from user knowledge in product and service innovation beyond mere idea generation through crowdsourcing. We investigate a case from the telecommunications sector to discover the ways a company can overcome the challenges of motivating users to participate in innovation activity and gaining from their knowledge in the innovation process. In particular, we seek to learn how the company has created understanding about the future uses of technology and the developments of the market with the lead users. In addition, we analyze the key means of capturing value from the knowledge gathered from the users, including the essential organizational practices that support user innovation and the ways the company makes sense of the vast volume and variety of user knowledge. Our empirical inquiry increases the understanding of how technology companies can complement and use crowdsourcing to effectively utilize knowledge resident in user communities. },
	keywords = {crowdsourcing, knowledge management, lead users, online communities, user innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/750},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/750},
	author = {Risto Rajala and Mika Westerlund and Mervi Vuori and Jukka-Pekka Hares}
}
@article {692,
	title = {From Ideas to Opportunities: Exploring the Construction of Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Opportunities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {06/2013},
	pages = {13-20},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The transformation of business ideas into market opportunities is at the core of entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the complexity of such a transformative process is seen to change depending on the variables influencing the opportunity-entrepreneur nexus. Although technology-entrepreneurship is regarded as a force of change and dynamism in socio-economic growth, it also depends upon an intricate process of opportunity development. The interest in understanding better how technology-based entrepreneurs simultaneously cope with technological uncertainty while trying to gain stakeholder support and access to resources, highlights a relevant research gap. The research described in this article uses the constructivist view to deepen our understanding of the technology-based entrepreneur{\textquoteright}s conceptualization of the opportunity as a process of social construction. Our results show how initial consensus-building efforts and iteration with knowledgeable peers are an essential part of the emergence of the opportunity, changing both entrepreneur{\textquoteright}s and stakeholders{\textquoteright} perceptions of the early business idea. Consequently, our results provide evidence in support of policy programs and measures that favour social-construction support mechanisms to foster technology-based entrepreneurship.},
	keywords = {constructivist view, entrepreneurship policy, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/692},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/692},
	author = {Ferran Giones and Zhao Zhou and Francesc Miralles and Bernhard Katzy}
}
@article {562,
	title = {From Business Administration to Business Creation: The Case of the Kalevala Global Business Creation School},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06/2012},
	pages = {6-11},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Are there any businesses left to administer? The question is of course rhetorical and aimed at underscoring how several societies are more severely in need of creators of new businesses than managers of established ones. And yet, nearly all universities only produce masters of business administration, at best. Apart from theoretical research about business creation, and the education of masters of such research, universities are generally not equipped to produce knowledge for business creation or to produce masters of business creation.

This conceptual article calls for a new, complementary approach to research and education, around the theme of global business creation. Due to the limitations and restrictions related to the traditions and practices of the science of business administration, where the means justify the ends, a new exploratory field coined as the {\textquotedblleft}Art of Business Creation,{\textquotedblright} where the end justifies the means, is being explored for some inspiration.

For a concrete solution, the concept of a globally distributed, enterprise-centric, entrepreneurial-faculty-driven, open-innovation-based, and social-media-empowered university entity is depicted in this article. It is a new-generation private-public-partnership and {\textquotedblleft}Living Lab 2.0{\textquotedblright} referred to as Kalevala Global Business Creation School. The conceptualization draws from observations and action research during the Global Venture Lab Finland experiment at the University of Jyv{\"a}skyl{\"a} from 2007 to 2011.
},
	keywords = {business creation, business school, co-creation, entrepreneurship, knowledge investing, Open innovation, university},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/562},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/562},
	author = {Marko Sepp{\"a}}
}
@article {575,
	title = {From Stories to Evidence: How Mining Data Can Promote Innovation in the Nonprofit Sector},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	pages = {10-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Being a director at a nonprofit organization often means making guesses instead of properly informed decisions. One source of the {\textquotedblleft}information fog{\textquotedblright} is fragmented funding. Nonprofit organizations have multiple types of funders, most of whom are not their direct beneficiaries. Predicting funder behaviour is therefore more of an art than a science. Planning for the future, setting goals, and making decisions all suffer in the nonprofit sector because of a lack of timely and accurate information.

This article examines the opportunities to use newly available digitized information to address this information deficit. It shows how the rich, variegated and fast-changing landscape of information available online can be collected, combined, and repurposed in order to deliver it in actionable forms to decision makers across the nonprofit sector. This information can significantly improve planning decisions and enhance the effectiveness of the sector. 

The article concludes that a cultural shift is required in order for the nonprofit sector to exploit the opportunities presented by digital information. Nonprofits and funders are enjoined to increase their numeracy and to find creative ways to use data as part of their evaluation, planning and decision making. Researchers need to be adventurous in their use of quantitative information and specifically should employ linked datasets in order to explore previously unanswerable research and policy questions. The producers of data need to collect and publish their information in ways that facilitate reuse. Finally, funders need to support a variety of projects that seek to exploit these new opportunities.
},
	keywords = {Ajah, charities, community sector, data mining, funding database, nonprofit, social innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/575},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/575},
	author = {Michael Lenczner and Susan Phillips}
}
@article {485,
	title = {Fostering Student Entrepreneurship and University Spinoff Companies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {7-12},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A student spinoff company strives to transform knowledge acquired by students into an income-generating business. This article outlines how a university can increase the number of spinoff companies created by its student entrepreneurs. 

Student spinoff companies are of interest to all forward-thinking universities, particularly those that support research and teaching programs in the field of entrepreneurship. The spinoff companies provide tangible evidence that students acquire viable entrepreneurial skills while studying at the university. In addition, student spinoff companies contribute to regional economic development, commercialize knowledge that otherwise would go undeveloped, help universities attain and expand their core missions, and increase the return on the investments in university R\&D. 

University policies developed specifically for student spinoff companies significantly affect the growth potential of such ventures. This article provides a model and a set of principles that universities can use to support and increase the number of student entrepreneurs at their institutions. The model and principles are grounded in research findings and practical experience. In addition, the article suggests that universities adopt a results-based management approach to plan and deploy initiatives to support student entrepreneurs. The approach is widely used by government agencies interested in increasing the outcomes from their investments. },
	keywords = {entrepreneurship, spinoff, student entrepreneur, university},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/485},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/485},
	author = {Tony Bailetti}
}
@article {423,
	title = {The Future of Co-Creation},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {03/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this article is to provide a brief summary of the key directions in value co-creation research that have emerged in the last 10 years. It points to several emerging streams in value co-creation research including: i) general management perspective; ii) new product development and innovation; iii) virtual customer environments; iv) service science and service-dominant logic (SDL) of marketing; and v) international markets and entrepreneurship, with a focus on the general management and innovation perspectives. In addition, the article points to another emerging new direction focusing on business co-creation. The development of business co-creation frameworks integrating the participatory role of both universities and vibrantly emerging business ecosystems represents a valuable alternative to traditional technology transfer and business administration approaches.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/423},
	author = {Marko Sepp{\"a} and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {363,
	title = {Fundamentals of a Volume Market Engine},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {07/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article discusses the unique challenges commercial open source companies face in bringing their products and services to market. It recommends an overhaul of traditional software vendor market approaches in favour of a volume market strategy and identifies the core technology, content, and best practice methodologies of that strategy.

The article is organized into five sections. The first section discusses the nature of open source customer relationships. It explains why the traditional sales funnel metrics do not apply in a commercial open source context. The second section introduces the concept of "progressive engagement" and discusses the lifecycle of open source relationships. The third section, multi-channel demand generation, identifies techniques for improving lead flow and quality by incorporating traditional lead sourcing techniques into the volume market model. The fourth section makes the case for marketing automation software and discusses some of the critical elements of an automated marketing infrastructure. The fifth section covers high-value content - the raw fuel of a volume market engine. It offers helpful insights for marketers to build and manage their content portfolios.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/363},
	author = {Fred Holahan}
}
@article {251,
	title = {The Feds are Ready for a Change},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {05/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Canada is at the tipping point for acceptance of open source. Open source software and culture has reached a critical mass in the business world and it is also being actively deployed within the Canadian government. While open source has contributed outstanding code, its impacts are even more profound, raising core values of participation, co-operation and standardization. However, like many large institutions, there has been reluctance to modernize its official position regarding this approach to software development. There is still considerable investment in existing procurement practice and thousands of jobs and billions of dollars are being invested in old information technology (IT) solutions.

This article discusses the global momentum in federal government departments to support open source as well as some of the problems with the federal government{\textquoteright}s procurement process. However, despite the problems and relatively slow adoption of open source technology, there is movement for adoption. Federal government policies may be lagging behind other G7 governments, but it is being implemented across the civil service. There are also many people within government, at all levels, who understand the advantages of using open source.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/251},
	author = {Mike Gifford}
}
@article {270,
	title = {First Steps towards Mapping the Economy{\textquoteright}s Genome},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {07/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Companies are increasingly being pressured to be green, although it is not always clear what this means. Upon closer examination, the concept of green can be seen as an emergent quality of the interactions between many companies, many chemicals, and our environment - all driven by our collective purchases. This tangled web can be better understood with the right analysis methods, software, and data, but these resources are currently scarce and expensive. The intellectual capital companies need to navigate this landscape can be quickly dispersed if they encourage the construction of an open environmental infrastructure of tools and data. This article discusses the analysis methods, software, and data that can be used to help companies, the economy, and society become greener, faster. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/270},
	author = {Evan Andrews}
}
@article {229,
	title = {F/LOSS is Commercial Software},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {02/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Many people mistakenly use the term "commercial software" as if it was the opposite of Free/Libre Open Source Software (F/LOSS). This is in spite of: i) the rise in commercial development and support for F/LOSS; ii) the goal of most F/LOSS projects to incorporate improvements, which is actually a form of financial gain; iii) official definitions of "commercial item" that include F/LOSS; and iv) F/LOSS licenses and projects that clearly approve of commercial support.

In reality, there are two types of commercial software: proprietary software and F/LOSS. This paper provides examples for each of the four points mentioned above, briefly notes some alternative terms, and ends with some conclusions, and explains why it is important to understand that F/LOSS software is almost always commercial. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/229},
	author = {David A. Wheeler}
}
@article {296,
	title = {Freely Licensed and Open Source Pipelines for Art Based Film and Media Production},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {10/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Given the number of free/libre and open source licensed tools, and the number of "no cost" applications at the fingertips of the artist/animator/film developer today, the ability to "create what you will" is now an option for everyone. The advent of affordable media development tools has opened up the world of media production to those who were previously locked out of the Hollywood studio system. Proprietary software including Adobe Creative Suite, Autodesk?s Maya, Nuke, After Effects, Final Draft, and a litany of other necessary tools creates a financial wall so high that ?will? cannot overcome it alone.

In this article, we examine a standard pipeline from a birds-eye-view for anyone with a will to create an Indie film. Without breaking the bank, the entire pipeline is achievable using F/LOSS tools and content that is available under a creative commons license. This allows high quality media development for all. In many cases, these same tools are being used by the Hollywood elite. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/296},
	author = {Anthony Whitehead}
}
@article {174,
	title = {A Flat Network for the Unflat World: Open Educational Resources in Developing Countries},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {08/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open educational resources (OER) apply the principles of openness - particularly the freedoms of use, modification and redistribution - to digital materials for teaching, learning, and research.  OER can potentially touch all areas of education, from elementary schools to higher education to professional development all over the world, but we are particularly excited about the potential to expand access to education in developing countries. That is the focus of our research and the topic of this article.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/174},
	author = {Steven Muegge and Monica Mora and Kamal Hassin and Andrew Pullin}
}
@article {193,
	title = {Free and Open Source Licenses in Community Life},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this article is to examine how software licenses in build and shape political and technological boundaries.

We examine the cases of the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System( GRASS) geographical information system and the OpenSolaris operating system. The first project is GPL licensed software developed by a worldwide community of voluntary programmers; the second project is sponsored by a company and released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) license.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/193},
	author = {Stefano De Paoli and Maurizio Teli and Vincenzo D{\textquoteright}Andrea}
}
@article {127,
	title = {Free and Open Source Software: Overview and Preliminary Guidelines for the Government of Canada},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {03/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {After a slow beginning in the late 1990s, Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) has been constantly growing in importance and expanding in many software architectures all over the world. This impressive growth has been supported by the numerous successes, the high-quality reputation of F/LOSS-based systems and, of course, by the expectation of cost savings.

In 2003, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) initiated a special study to determine the role of F/LOSS in our information system architectures. This study was later expanded to the whole Government of Canada (GoC). This article summarizes some key findings based on the original DRDC report published in 2004. It includes a general introduction to F/LOSS followed by some guidelines in assessing the usefulness of F/LOSS in GoC project contexts.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/127},
	author = {Robert Charpentier}
}
@article {64,
	title = {Five Stage Approach to Licensing},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {10/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article will set out a practical five stage approach to Open Source Software (OSS) legal issues for organizations that are working, or thinking of working, in this area.  While OSS affords a plethora of legal challenges and ongoing developments that merit treatment, I will focus on a general framework for managing OSS legal issues.  Since I will provide general legal information and not legal advice, I strongly encourage your organization to work with legal counsel with competency in the OSS area to address its specific circumstances.
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/64},
	author = {Thomas Prowse}
}
@article {69,
	title = {Free as in Adjective, Not as in Verb},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {10/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open source provides an avenue for distributing academic research well beyond the covers of journals or the lunchtime chatter of sharp-minded thinkers to a much broader audience. Interestingly, the choice of open source license is often a choice of community. By understanding the goals and underlying philosophy of a research project, one is better equipped to find a suitable license and attract a community with similar interests. 

This article provides an examination of a particular academic research project{\textquoteright}s licensing goals and presents some of the lessons learned during the license selection process.
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/69},
	author = {Amos Hayes}
}
