@article {1291,
	title = {Connected Health Innovation:  Data Access Challenges in the Interface of AI Companies and Hospitals},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {12/2019},
	pages = {43-55},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {43},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and potential solutions regarding data access for innovation in the realm of connected health. Theoretically, our study combines insights from data management and innovation network orchestration studies, taking thereby a new approach into issues that have emerged in these research streams. Empirically, we study these issues in the context of a development endeavor involving an AI-driven surgery journey solution in collaboration with hospitals and companies. Our study indicates that the challenges and solutions in data access can be categorised according to the level where they emerge: individual, organisational, and institutional. Depending on the level, the challenges require solutions to be searched from different categories. While solutions are generally still scarce, organizational level solutions seem The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and potential solutions regarding data access for innovation in the realm of connected health. Theoretically, our study combines insights from data management and innovation network orchestration studies, taking thereby a new approach into issues that have emerged in these research streams. Empirically, we study these issues in the context of a development endeavor involving an AI-driven surgery journey solution in collaboration with hospitals and companies. Our study indicates that the challenges and solutions in data access can be categorised according to the level where they emerge: individual, organisational, and institutional. Depending on the level, the challenges require solutions to be searched from different categories. While solutions are generally still scarce, organizational level solutions seem to hold wide-ranging potential in addressing many challenges. By discussing these dynamics, this paper provides new knowledge for academics and practitioners on the challenges and solutions for data access and management in networked contexts. The greatest challenges among healthcare providers and health technology companies lay on uncertainties and interpretations concerning regulation, data strategy, and guidelines. Creating guidelines for data use and access in a hospital can be a first step to creating connected health innovations in collaboration with AI companies. For their part, these companies need to put effort into gaining in-depth knowledge and understanding of the processes and standards in healthcare context. Our paper is one of the first to combine data management and innovation network orchestration literatures, and to provide empirical evidence on data access related issues in this setting.to hold wide-ranging potential in addressing many challenges. By discussing these dynamics, this paper provides new knowledge for academics and practitioners on the challenges and solutions for data access and management in networked contexts. The greatest challenges among healthcare providers and health technology companies lay on uncertainties and interpretations concerning regulation, data strategy, and guidelines. Creating guidelines for data use and access in a hospital can be a first step to creating connected health innovations in collaboration with AI companies. For their part, these companies need to put effort into gaining in-depth knowledge and understanding of the processes and standards in healthcare context. Our paper is one of the first to combine data management and innovation network orchestration literatures, and to provide empirical evidence on data access related issues in this setting.},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, connected health, Data access, data management, governance, information mobility, innovation, orchestration, patient- centered},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1291},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1291},
	author = {Laura Kemppainen and Minna Pikkarainen and Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen and Jarmo Reponen}
}
@article {1113,
	title = {Q\&A. Is Internal Audit Ready for Blockchain?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {10/2017},
	pages = {41-44},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {blockchain, controls, governance, internal audit, risk management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1113},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1113},
	author = {Hugh Rooney and Brian Aiken and Megan Rooney}
}
@article {935,
	title = {Governance Solutions for Wicked Problems: Metropolitan Innovation Ecosystems as Frontrunners to Sustainable Well-Being},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {10/2015},
	pages = {31-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The growing specialization and interdependence of societies as well as their rapid technological and economic transformation have increased the level of uncertainty and complexity in decision making and the role of wicked problems in policy making. This article analyzes the nature and evolution of wicked problems and argues that they stem from the gap between the complexity of the policy problem and the variety of the corresponding governance arrangements. This complexity gap can be closed with new governance solutions that include participation, interaction, and cooperation among stakeholders; collective learning processes; coordination by mutual adjustment and clear systemic direction, decentralization, diversity, and experimentation; and effective measures to overcome system rigidities and development bottlenecks. For several reasons, cities and metropolitan areas provide ideal ecosystems for addressing wicked problems. They have the requisite variety of resources, capabilities and services, physical proximity that facilitates rich face-to-face communication, learning and cooperation, as well as the right scope for producing and experimenting with the necessary public goods and services. The article concludes by arguing that Finland could become a global frontrunner in solving wicked problems in policy making by adopting a strategy of sustainable well-being. This strategy would build on the world-class well-being knowledge within the Finnish welfare state and the rapidly growing international research on subjective well-being and happiness.},
	keywords = {cities, complexity, governance, sustainability, well-being, wicked problem},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/935},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/935},
	author = {Timo J. H{\"a}m{\"a}l{\"a}inen}
}
@article {863,
	title = {Securing the Car: How Intrusive Manufacturer-Supplier Approaches Can Reduce Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {01/2015},
	pages = {21-25},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Today{\textquoteright}s vehicles depend on numerous complex software systems, some of which have been developed by suppliers and must be integrated using "glue code" so that they may function together. However, this method of integration often introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities at the interfaces between electronic systems. In this article we address the {\textquotedblleft}glue code problem{\textquotedblright} by drawing insights from research on supplier-manufacturer outsourcing relationships in the automotive industry. The glue code problem can be framed as a knowledge coordination problem between manufactures and suppliers. Car manufacturers often employ different levels of intrusiveness in the design of car subsystems by their suppliers: the more control over the supplier the manufacturer exerts in the design of the subsystem, the more intrusive the manufacturer is. We argue that high intrusiveness by car manufacturers in defining module interfaces and subcomponents for suppliers would lead to more secure cars. },
	keywords = {automobile manufacturing, car design, control, cybersecurity, glue code, governance, intrusiveness, outsourcing, supplier, supplier-manufacturer relationships, vulnerabilities},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/863},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/863},
	author = {Mohamed Amin and Zaid Tariq}
}
@article {758,
	title = {Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration in an Open Source Ecosystem},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {01/2014},
	pages = {18-27},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Leveraging open source practices provides value to businesses when entrepreneurs and managers understand how to collaborate effectively in an open source ecosystem. However, the complex mix of different actors and varying barriers to effective collaboration in the ecosystem pose a substantial challenge. How can a business create and capture value if it depends on effective collaboration among these different groups? In this article, we review the published research on open source collaboration and reveal insights that will be beneficial to entrepreneurs and managers. We organize the published research into four streams based upon the following actor groups: i) governance actors, ii) competitors, iii) complementors, and iv) the core community. Then, through induction and synthesis, we identify barriers to collaboration, first by ecosystem and then by actor group. Finally, we offer six recommendations for identifying and overcoming barriers to collaboration in an open source ecosystem.},
	keywords = {business ecosystem, collaboration, collaboration barriers, communities, competitors, complementors, core community, governance, open source},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/758},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/758},
	author = {Derek Smith and Asrar Alshaikh and Rawan Bojan and Anish Kak and Mohammad Mehdi Gharaei Manesh}
}
@article {643,
	title = {Editorial: Open Source Sustainability (January 2013)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {3-6},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {governance, open source, oss, sustainability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/643},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/643},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Maha Shaikh}
}
@article {647,
	title = {Going Open: Does it Mean Giving Away Control?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {27-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open source software has evolved from being an effort driven by a collective of volunteers to become an integral part of commercial software. Constant demands for new features besides maintaining product quality made companies seek open source as an answer for these demands. These growing demands brought with them control of quality, architecture, contribution management, and community management. 

This article explores the governance strategies adopted by open source software projects to manage the quality of complements (such as plug-ins that extend a platform{\textquoteright}s functionality) developed by community members outside the core team. The outcomes of the research contribute to our understanding of the strategies followed by different open source platform owners (the open source project initiators) to manage external innovation in the case of platform extensions in two areas: i) governance models and ii) regulatory tools. },
	keywords = {and collaboration, governance, Open innovation, open source, platforms, regulatory tools},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/647},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/647},
	author = {Nadia Noori and Michael Weiss}
}
@article {649,
	title = {Sustainability and Governance in Developing Open Source Projects as Processes of In-Becoming},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {40-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Sustainability is often thought of as a binary state: an open source project is either sustainable or not. In reality, sustainability is much more complex. What makes this project more sustainable than that one? Why should it be assumed in the first place that sustainability is a prolonged state of an ingraced project? The threads are pulled from their yarns in many directions. 

This article attempts to reconceptualize some assumed notions of the processes involved in developing open source software. It takes the stance in favour of studying the fluctuant nature of open source and the associated artefacts, not as well-defined objects, but as commons that are continually built upon, evolved, and modified; sometimes in unexpected ways. Further, the governance of these commons is an ongoing process, tightly linked with the way in which these commons are allowed to further develop. This perspective of "in-becoming" is useful in understanding the efforts and processes that need to be provided to sustainably govern the development of open source projects and the advantages for managing requirements derived therein. 
},
	keywords = {becoming, emergence, governance, open source, Ostrom, processes, requirements, sustainability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/649},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/649},
	author = {Daniel Curto-Millet}
}
@article {512,
	title = {A New Way of Measuring Openness: The Open Governance Index},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {01/2012},
	pages = {18-24},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open source software is now "business as usual" in the mobile industry. While much attention is given to the importance of open source licenses, we argue in this article that the governance model can be as necessary to a project{\textquoteright}s success and that projects vary widely in the governance models - whether open or closed - that they employ. Open source governance models describe the control points that are used to influence open source projects with regard to access to the source code, how the source code is developed, how derivatives are created, and the community structure of the project. Governance determines who has control over the project beyond what is deemed legally necessary via the open source licenses for that project. The purpose of our research is to define and measure the governance of open source projects, in other words, the extent to which decision-making in an open source project is "open" or "closed". We analyzed eight open source projects using 13 specific governance criteria across four areas of governance: access, development, derivatives and community.

Our findings suggest that the most open platforms will be most successful in the long term, however we acknowledge exceptions to this rule. We also identify best practices that are common across these open source projects with regard to source code access, development of source code, management of derivatives, and community structure. These best practices increase the likelihood of developer use of and involvement in open source projects.},
	keywords = {Android, governance, open source, open source licenses},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/512},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/512},
	author = {Liz Laffan}
}
