@article {1445,
	title = {A Cross-Pollination of Ideas about Distributed Ledger Technological Innovation through a Multidisciplinary and Multisectoral lens: Insights from the Blockchain Technology Symposium {\textquoteright}21},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06/2021},
	pages = {58-66},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {58},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Blockchain Technology Symposium 2021 (BTS{\textquoteright}21) is a forum where academic researchers, industry professionals, and decision makers came together to present recent advancements, discuss adoption barriers, tackle common challenges, and explore future roadmaps surrounding blockchain and its related technologies such as consensus algorithms, smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and distributed ledger technologies generally. As a follow-up to BTS{\textquoteright}18 and BTS{\textquoteright}20, which were hosted by Ryerson University and The Fields Institute, and by popular demand, BTS 2021 gathered a diverse audience from academia, industry, and policy makers to engage in a dialogue around crucial topics in the adoption of blockchain technology, with the aim of cross-fertilizing ideas from these communities to address the challenges and seize the opportunities brought forward by this promising technology. BTS{\textquoteright}21 featured multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral talks and presentations on four major themes: (1) decentralized finance (DeFi), (2) decentralized identity, (3) decentralized health and (4) decentralized supply chain management. This article provides reflections on some of the key insights found in the BTS\&rsquo;21 presentations.},
	keywords = {blockchain, decentralization, decentralized finance, decentralized health, decentralized identity, decentralized supply chains, distributed ledgers, innovation, technology adoption, technology management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1445},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1445},
	author = {Victoria L. Lemieux and Atefeh Mashatan and Rei Safavi-Naini and Jeremy Clark}
}
@article {1465,
	title = {Rural Living Labs: Inclusive Digital Transformation in the Countryside},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2021},
	month = {12/2021},
	pages = {59-72},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {59},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Digital transformation (DT) has received increasing attention in recent years. Up until now, most of the current studies focus on digital transformation in advanced and dense societies, especially urban areas and technologies. Hence, the phenomenon of DT is under-researched in the context of rural and sparsely populated contexts. This study aims at exploring how a rural living lab (RLL) can be shaped and how this approach can be designed to support digital transformation processes in rural contexts. In so doing, following a design science research methodology (DSRM) approach, we have made an artefact (that is, RLL framework) that is an "instantiation" that supports user centric digitalization of rural areas. The designed framework is developed based on the key components of "traditional" and "urban" living labs, as well as empirical data which was collected within the context of the DigiBy project. The DigiBy project aims at conducting DT pilots in rural areas to elevate peoples{\textquoteright} understanding of digitalization and the application of digitalization opportunities for service development in rural areas in the north of Sweden. As a result of these studies, five key components that guide the design of digital transformation pilots in rural areas emerged, namely: 1) rural context, 2) digitalization, 3) governance, control, and business mode, 4) methods facilitating DT processes, and 5) quintuple helix actors. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the rural living lab concept, followed by avenues for future research.},
	keywords = {Components, digital transformation, Living lab, Rural living lab, Rural residents, user engagement},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1465},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1465},
	author = {Abdolrasoul Habibipour and Johanna Lindberg and Mari Runardotter and Yomn Elmistikawy and Anna St{\r a}hlbr{\"o}st and Diana Chron{\'e}er}
}
@article {1348,
	title = {Correlation between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Implementation of AI in Human Resources Management},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {72-79},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {72},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This paper develops the concept of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) in human resources management (HRM) through a research questionnaire and reports the results of a study designed to investigate the perception of adopting and introducing AI in HRM processes. In addition, it investigates the correlation between entrepreneurship orientation (EO) and AI in HRM processes. A survey was conducted with a sample of 310 firm members in the HR Section Romande, as well as a literature review on the adoption of new technologies. The results indicate a perceived positive value of introducing AI in HRM and a correlation between the level of a company{\textquoteright}s EO and the introduction of AI in HRM. This means that the more a company is entrepreneurially oriented, the more it tends to implement or include already implemented AI projects and tools in HRM processes. The perceived value of AI in HRM was evaluated by comparing answers to research questions involving the introduction of AI in HRM tools, and expectations of widely implementing AI in the next five years. The main barrier of adopting AI in HRM appeared to be a lack of skills and training. In addition, potential features of implementing AI in HRM were identified as potential steps toward introducing AI as a new technology. Questions regarding the evaluation of EO were based on a research Colvin Slevin (1989). It is important for SMEs to invest in information technology to set the basis for further development. Owing to intensified competitive pressures and the necessity of entering global markets, SMEs are incrementally employing Information Technology (IT) to create substantial benefits. Most prior research has focused more on IT adoption in large organizations, yet when regarding the limited resources of SMEs, the IT adoption process is considerably different. (Ghobakhloo, Sabouri, Hong and Zulkifli, 2011).},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, entrepreneurial orientation, Human Resource Management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1348},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1348},
	author = {Rico Baldegger and Maurizio Caon and Kreshnik Sadiku}
}
@article {1331,
	title = {Editorial: Rapid Product Development and R\&D (March 2020)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {03/2020},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1331},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1331},
	author = {Iivari Kunttu and Charles Camarda and Antti Perttula}
}
@article {1329,
	title = {Examining the Relationship Between Cybersecurity and Scaling Value for New Companies},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {02-2020},
	pages = {62-70},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {62},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {We explore the cybersecurity-scaling relationship in the context of scaling new company value rapidly. The relationship between the management of what a new company does to protect against the malicious or unauthorized use of electronic data, and the management of what a new company does to scale company value rapidly is important, but not well understood. We use a topic modelling technique to identify the eight topics that best describe a corpus comprised of 137 assertions about what new companies do to scale company value rapidly, manually examine the stability of the topics extracted from the dataset, and describe the relationship between 17 assertions about how to manage cybersecurity in new companies, and the six topics found to be stable. The six stable topics are labelled Fundraise, Enable, Position, Communicate, Innovate, and Complement. We find that of the 17 cybersecurity assertions, seven are related to Position, two to Innovate, one to Fundraise and, one to Complement. Six cybersecurity assertions were not found to be strongly related to any of the eight topics. This paper contributes to our understanding of cybersecurity in the context of a new company that scales its value rapidly, an application of topic modelling to perform small-scale data analysis, and a manual approach to examine the stability of the topics extracted by the topic modelling technique. We expect this paper to be relevant to new companies{\textquoteright} top management teams, members of the networks upon which new companies depend for to scale company value, accelerators and incubators, as well as academics teaching or carrying out research in entrepreneurship.   },
	keywords = {cybersecurity, scaling company value, scaling initiatives, topic model stability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1329},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1329},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Daniel Craigen}
}
@article {1347,
	title = {How Institutions Promote Digital Marketing in Small and Medium International Companies: a Comparison Between Costa Rica and France},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {04/2020},
	pages = {58-71},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {58},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The objective of this paper is to analyze institutional promotions to small and medium international enterprises on the subject of digital marketing. The authors conduct qualitative research with a descriptive scope, including 12 institutions in Costa Rica and France. The study is dedicated to working with SMEs involved in an internationalization process and offering them some type of training. for the collection of information, an in-depth interview with each participant was applied. It concludes that SMEs promote digital marketing through institutions, and that the way in which they carry it out varies between the two countries, Costa Rica being a more general and structured service, and France a more customized one.},
	keywords = {coaching, digital marketing, internationalization, SMEs, support institutions, training},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1347},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1347},
	author = {Karen V. H. Carpio and Susan Arce and Manon Enjolras and Mauricio Camargo}
}
@article {1409,
	title = {Project Portfolio Management in the Front-End of Innovation of Research Centers: a Literature Review},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {12/2020},
	pages = {46-59},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {47},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The beginning of an innovation process, also known as {\textquotedblleft}front-end of innovation{\textquotedblright} (FEI), counts as an essential contributor to the successful development of new products and for their market appeal. Nevertheless, while helpful procedures and techniques for developing new products are well-known and widely applied, FEI is still an understudied area, and models for managing it are not yet commonly used in technology-oriented companies. FEI, also known as "fuzzy front end", can even be "fuzzier" in not-for-profit research centers. That is because the focus of these centers is advancing of scientific knowledge, rather than commercializing the results of those activities. This study summarizes the insights from a literature review on the topic of {\textquotedblleft}project portfolio management{\textquotedblright} (PPM) in relation to innovation and, more specifically, with FEI and its components of ideation, innovation management, innovation strategy, foresight, and incremental or radical innovation. The authors selected and reviewed content from 170 papers published in SCOPUS prior to February 2019. The discussion uses a theoretical framework called "Front-End of Innovation Integrative Ontology (FEI2O)" to assist in framing the discussion.},
	keywords = {front-end, ideation, innovation, not-for-profit, Project Portfolio Management, research center},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1409},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1409},
	author = {Rui Nuno Castro and Jo{\~a}o Jos{\'e} Pinto Ferreira}
}
@article {1332,
	title = {Rapid Learning and Knowledge-Gap Closure During the Conceptual Design Phase {\textendash} Rapid R\&D},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {03/2020},
	pages = {5-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {5},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {New product development strategies, such as set-based concurrent engineering design (SBCED) or set-based design (SBD), have demonstrated improved ways to address knowledge gaps in alternate design concepts prior to the decision to select a single concept for development. Most of the corpus in this field addresses engineering product development that relies on systems and subsystems with years of prior experience in testing, development, and operation. These often have known or existing solutions, and use state-of-the-art (SOA), or near SOA technology. In addition, most papers do not dive into the details of how knowledge was attained to rapidly close critical knowledge gaps. This paper attempts to explain how a research-based method to construct knowledge can accelerate the knowledge capture critical for developing solutions to extremely challenging problems. This rapid R\&D methodology enables a rapid acquisition of critical knowledge to understand potential failure modes of concepts in a set-based way. Thus, it enables intelligent decisions for the selection of the final concept as well as the continuous maturation of parallel concepts. The continuous, parallel maturation of multiple concepts enables effective off-ramps in the design process as requirements and new knowledge arise in the course of the development program, without incurring excessive rework, cost growth, and schedule creep. The goal of this paper is to describe a method that accelerates the generation of critical knowledge early in the conceptual design phase, as a way to close knowledge gaps quickly, and thus enable intelligent design decisions and concept selections early in the product development cycle. The methodological descriptions are illustrated with case examples from NASA technology development.},
	keywords = {knowledge gaps, R\&D, Rapid product development, set-based design},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1332},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1332},
	author = {Charles J. Camarda and Stephen J. Scotti and Iivari Kunttu and Antti Perttula}
}
@article {1210,
	title = {Are High-Tech Companies More Competitive Than Others? An Empirical Study of Innovative and Exporting French SMEs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {01/2019},
	pages = {33-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The main objective of this research work is to question the relationship between the technological intensity of SMEs (defined by the share of R\&D expenditure in turnover, according to the OECD) and their growth potential (defined by their innovation and export capabilities). Through a multiple case study conducted with a panel of nine French SMEs, and through an analysis combining a qualitative approach (illustrative cases study) and a quantitative one (multidimensional statistical methods), several hypotheses were tested. Finally, this study points out that technological intensity, as defined by the OECD, is not directly correlated with the growth potential of SMEs. On the other hand, a company{\textquoteright}s technological intensity would have an impact on the way it manages its innovation and internationalization process, and thus the way it manages its internal practices. },
	keywords = {export, innovation, multiple-case study, SMEs, technological intensity},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1210},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1210},
	author = {Manon Enjolras and Mauricio Camargo and Christophe Schmitt}
}
@article {1220,
	title = {Editorial: Living Labs (March 2019)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {03/2019},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {accelerators, business models, frameworks, innovation, living labs, Open innovation, stakeholders, sustainability, tools, UN Sustainable Development Goals, urban living labs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1220},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1220},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Anna St{\r a}hlbr{\"o}st and Abdolrasoul Habibipour and Mari Runardotter and Diana Chron{\'e}er}
}
@article {1223,
	title = {Exploring Participation Needs and Motivational Requirements When Engaging Older Adults in an Emerging Living Lab},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {03/2019},
	pages = {38-49},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {There is a growing body of literature regarding living labs, which are seen as an effective way to develop and evaluate research for novel products and services with the actual end users. With growth in the living labs model, there is an increasing need for guidelines to steer and support the set-up and maintenance of initiatives, and to facilitate relationships and engagement with stakeholders and users in this context. This study seeks to address this need, in part, by exploring the needs, expectations, and motivations that older adults have in relation to research participation in an emerging living lab. This work is part of a wider research project to develop an integrated framework to guide emerging living labs. Eight semi-structured interviews were undertaken with six residents and two family members from two residential settings for older adults that were collaborating to establish a living lab environment. A concept-driven coding frame supported the coding and analysis of the interview transcripts. The results provide insights in relation to participant motivation to take part in research, and they identify some issues of concern for participants, both residents and family members, related to living lab initiatives. As a first step in developing a successful living lab culture of collaborative research, this study has demonstrated that open discussion with residents and their families should continue to guide processes and research design as the emerging living lab initiative continues. },
	keywords = {family views, Living lab, motivation to participate, older adults, research participation, user expectations, user needs},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1223},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1223},
	author = {Tiziana C. Callari and Louise Moody and Janet Saunders and Gill Ward and Nikki Holliday and Julie Woodley}
}
@article {1215,
	title = {How to Create Value(s) in the Sharing Economy: Business Models, Scalability, and Sustainability},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {02/2019},
	pages = {5-24},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {By organizing peer-to-peer exchanges and promoting access over ownership, the sharing economy is transforming a great variety of sectors. Enjoying fast growth, the sharing economy is an umbrella term encompassing heterogeneous initiatives that create different types of economic, environmental, or social value. This heterogeneity triggers tensions and intense disputes about the perimeter of the field. Do Airbnb and Uber belong to the sharing economy? How do we consider practices such as gifting, renting, and swapping that existed before the sharing economy boom? To sort out this complexity, we have adopted a pragmatic and grounded approach examining 27 initiatives that claim to be part of, or are perceived as emblematic of the sharing economy. We develop a typology of sharing economy business models revealing four configurations: shared infrastructure providers, commoners, mission-driven platforms, and matchmakers. Each configuration exhibits specific value-creation logics, scalability issues, sustainability impacts, and potential controversies. Our results provide guidance for sharing entrepreneurs, for established businesses that want to embrace the principles of the sharing economy, and for public actors wishing to regulate or support the field.},
	keywords = {business model, scalability, sharing economy, sustainability, value creation, value distribution},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1215},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1215},
	author = {Aur{\'e}lien Acquier and Valentina Carbone and David Mass{\'e}}
}
@article {1289,
	title = {Leveraging AI-based Decision Support for Opportunity Analysis},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {12/2019},
	pages = {29-35},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	chapter = {29},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The dynamics and speed of change in corporate environments have increased. At the front-end of innovation, firms are challenged to evaluate growing amounts of information within shorter time frames in order to stay competitive. Either they spend significant time on structured data analysis, at the risk of delayed market launch, or they follow their intuition, at the risk of not meeting market trends. Both scenarios constitute a significant risk for a firm\&rsquo;s continued existence. Motivated by this, a conceptual model is presented in this paper that aims at remediating these risks. Grounded on design science methodology, it concentrates on previous assessments of innovation search fields. These innovation search fields assist in environmental scanning and lay the foundation for deciding which opportunities to pursue. The model applies a novel AI-based approach, which draws on natural language processing and information retrieval. To provide decision support, the approach includes market-, technology-, and firm-related criteria. This allows us to replace intuitive decision-making by fact-based considerations. In addition, an often-iterative approach for environmental scanning is replaced by a more straightforward process. Early testing of the conceptual model has shown results of increased quality and speed of decision-making. Further testing and feedback is still required to enhance and calibrate the AI-functionality. Applied in business environments, the approach can contribute to remediate fuzziness in early front-end activities, thus helping direct innovation managers to \&ldquo;do the right things\&rdquo;.
},
	keywords = {front-end of innovation; environmental scanning; information processing; opportunity; innovation search field; information retrieval; artificial intelligence; decision-making; latent semantic indexing; design-science},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1289},
	url = {timreview.ca/article/1289},
	author = {Wolfgang Groher and Friedrich-Wilhelm Rademacher and Andr{\'e} Csillaghy}
}
@article {1248,
	title = {The Status and Future of Action Research: An Interview with Professor David Coghlan},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {06/2019},
	pages = {42-49},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {action research, David Coghlan, insider action research, interiority, interview, reflection},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1248},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1248},
	author = {David Coghlan and Erik Lindhult}
}
@article {1224,
	title = {Urban Living Labs: Towards an Integrated Understanding of their Key Components},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {03/2019},
	pages = {50-62},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s ongoing urbanization and escalating climate change, there is an increasing demand on cities to be innovative and inclusive to handle these emerging issues. As an answer to these challenges, and in order to generate and adopt sustainable innovations and nature-based solutions in the urban areas, the concept of urban living labs has emerged. However, to date, there is confusion concerning the concept of the urban living lab and its key components. Some interpret the urban living lab as an approach, others as a single project, and some as a specific place {\textendash} and some just do not know. In order to unravel this complexity and better understand this concept, we sought to identify the key components of an urban living lab by discussing the perspective of city representatives in the context of an urban living lab project. To achieve this goal, we reviewed previous literature on this topic and carried out two workshops with city representatives, followed by an open-ended questionnaire. In this article, we identify and discuss seven key components of an urban living lab: governance and management structure; financing models; urban context; nature-based solutions; partners and users (including citizens); approach; and ICT and infrastructure. We also offer an empirically derived definition of the urban living lab concept.},
	keywords = {definition, innovation, key components, Living lab, nature-based solutions, NBS, ULL, UNaLab, urban living lab},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1224},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1224},
	author = {Diana Chron{\'e}er and Anna St{\r a}hlbr{\"o}st and Abdolrasoul Habibipour}
}
@article {1204,
	title = {A Framework for Field Testing in Living Lab Innovation Projects},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12/2018},
	pages = {40-50},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Within innovation research and, more specifically, living lab projects, a crucial component is to test an innovation in a real-life context with potential end users. Such a field test can validate assumptions by combining insights on behaviour and attitudes towards the innovation. This allows for iterative tailoring of the innovation to the needs and wants of the potential end users. Moreover, relevant insights can be gathered to stop or rescope the innovation project before big investments are made. Although studies indicate that testing innovations (or prototypes) in real-life contexts improves the innovation process, there is no specific framework on how to conduct a field test for an innovation. This is important because, in living lab field tests, users are actively involved in co-creating the solutions, which impacts the operational side of setting up living lab projects. Therefore, within this article, we propose a framework for field testing based on the degree to which it reflects reality and the stage within the living lab process. We distinguish four types of field tests: concept, mock-up, pilot, and go2market field test. Based on this framework, we propose some practical guidelines for setting up living lab field tests.},
	keywords = {context research, field test, living labs, testing, user innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1204},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1204},
	author = {Lynn Coorevits and Annabel Georges and Dimitri Schuurman}
}
@article {1175,
	title = {From Importing Innovations to Co-Producing Them: Transdisciplinary Approaches to the Development of Online Land Management Tools},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {16-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {While traditional approaches to innovation diffusion often assume that innovations come from outside a local system, transdisciplinary co-production offers an alternative paradigm in which local stakeholders are engaged as co-producers of innovations. The use of digital online tools for agriculture, conservation, and citizen science is an area of expanding opportunities, but landholders are often dependent on tools developed outside their local communities. This article looks at the potential for transdisciplinary co-production to be used as a framework for more participatory development of digital online land management tools, with a case study from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. This research has implications beyond rural land management to other industries and contexts where reflexive and integrative strategies are needed to overcome barriers to stakeholder participation and engagement with new technologies.},
	keywords = {adaptive, co-production, collaboration, decision-support, innovation, land management, tools, transdisciplinary},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1175},
	url = {https://timreview.ca/article/1175},
	author = {Alex Baumber and Graciela Metternicht and Peter Ampt and Rebecca Cross and Emily Berry}
}
@article {1163,
	title = {From Organizations to Organizational Fields: The Evolution of Civic Innovation Ecosystems},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {06/2018},
	pages = {34-47},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Contemporary approaches to urban technology emphasize local {\textquotedblleft}innovation ecosystems{\textquotedblright}. Two organizational models {\textendash} living labs and innovation integrators {\textendash} are commonly used as hubs to broker these ecosystems. Curiously, both coexist in some cities, allowing a comparison of their impact and an analysis of their development over time and in context. The case studies presented in this article suggest that our analytical frameworks for technology policy may fall short, in that they contemplate only the organizations themselves {\textendash} the living labs or innovation integrators. The dynamics observed in each city are well articulated, however, in the sociotechnical systems literature. The hub can be understood as a {\textquotedblleft}niche{\textquotedblright}, which fosters radical innovations and new processes. As these prototypes are increasingly deployed and accepted, there is a regime shift, ultimately creating an experimentalist culture that fills the role previously held by the hub. This conclusion is neither a challenge to ecosystem theory nor a critique of innovation policy and its implementation. Rather, I suggest that we must extend these theoretical frameworks, drawing on sociotechnical systems literature to better account for institutions and for systems change as we design policy for urban technology. This article therefore makes a contribution by using a sociotechnical systems lens to explain the evolution of local urban innovation ecosystems.},
	keywords = {city, civic technology, innovation policy, innovation systems, Living lab},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = { http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1163},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1163},
	author = {Matthew Claudel}
}
@article {1132,
	title = {Q\&A. What Barriers Do Women Face in Becoming High-Tech Entrepreneurs in Rural India?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {33-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {barriers, challenges, entrepreneurship, India, rural, technology, women},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1132},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1132},
	author = {Rituparna Basu and Sarada Chatterjee}
}
@article {1126,
	title = {Collaborative Capability in Coworking Spaces: Convenience Sharing or Community Building?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {12/2017},
	pages = {32-42},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This study explores the development of collaborative capability in coworking spaces. It is based on the perception of collaboration among 31 coworking founders, community managers, and coworkers of those spaces. In-depth interviews around the meaning of collaboration and its challenges were conducted in 14 coworking spaces located in six Asian countries. A set of factors was identified and a model was proposed based on a set of four dimensions: enabling knowledge sharing, enhancing a creative field, enhancing an individual action for the collective, and supporting a collective action to an effective execution. The {\textquotedblleft}Convenience Sharing{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}Community Building{\textquotedblright} coworking types based on Capdevila (2014) suggest different conditions under which collaborative capability develops. Convenience Sharing coworking spaces tend to foster collaborative capability through knowledge sharing and effective execution, whereas Community Building coworking spaces tend to foster collaborative capability by enhancing a creative field and individual action for the collective. Overall, this study contributes to a theoretical model for coworking spaces to help coworking founders and community managers make strategic decisions. The findings suggest that collaborative capability in coworking spaces depends on the interlacing of a set of factors along four dimensions that relate in varying degrees of intensity to a two-fold coworking space typology.},
	keywords = {collaboration, collaborative knowledge work, collaborative workspaces, coworking, innovativeness},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1126},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1126},
	author = {Marcelo F. Castilho and Carlos O. Quandt}
}
@article {1048,
	title = {Heading for a FALL: A Framework for Agile Living Lab Projects},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {01/2017},
	pages = {37-43},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Living lab methodologies need to enhance reactivity to changing requirements as these appear in a project. Agile methods allow for quick reactivity, but have been critiqued for not sufficiently taking into account the end-user perspective. In this article, we describe how to blend living lab methodologies with agile methods and, to this end, we present a Framework for Agile Living Lab projects (FALL). To make the framework actionable, we propose a number of actor roles. With concrete examples from living lab practice and a discussion of the theoretical basis, this article is relevant to both academics and practitioners. },
	keywords = {agile, design science research, lean UX, living labs, methodology, SCRUM},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1048},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1048},
	author = {Tanguy Coenen and Sarie Robijt}
}
@article {1077,
	title = {Initiating a New Research Phase in the Field of International Entrepreneurship: An Interview with Professor Nicole Coviello},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	pages = {52-56},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {born global, definitions, international business, international entrepreneurship, international new ventures, internationalization, lean and global startups},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1077},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1077},
	author = {Nicole Coviello and Stoyan Tanev}
}
@article {1054,
	title = {Overcoming Barriers to Experimentation in Business-to-Business Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {02/2017},
	pages = {20-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Business-to-business (B2B) living lab projects have been mentioned in different areas of academic research, but the innovation management literature requires deeper analysis of their potential opportunities and challenges. Real-life experimentation is a key requirement for living labs as it enables deeper insights in the potential success of innovations. However, the literature has not provided insights on how living lab projects can implement real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects and does not describe appropriate conditions for experimentation in these settings. In this study, we identified three main barriers preventing real-life experimentation in B2B living lab projects: the technological complexity, the need for integration, and the difficulty in identifying testers. The barriers are discussed in detailed and potential solutions are provided to help overcome these barriers and stimulate the adoption of real-life experimentation in B2B innovation projects.},
	keywords = {B2B, experimentation, living labs, testing, user research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1054},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1054},
	author = {Ruben D{\textquoteright}Hauwers and Aron-Levi Herregodts and Annabel Georges and Lynn Coorevits and Dimitri Schuurman and Olivier Rits and Pieter Ballon}
}
@article {1047,
	title = {Taking Real-Life Seriously: An Approach to Decomposing Context Beyond {\textquotedblleft}Environment{\textquotedblright} in Living Labs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {01/2017},
	pages = {26-36},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The maturity of living labs has grown over the years and researchers have developed a uniform definition by emphasizing the multi-method and real-life, contextual approach. The latter predominantly focuses on the in situ use of a product during field trials where users are observed in their everyday life. Researchers thus recognize the importance of context in living labs, but do not provide adequate insights into how context can be taken into consideration. Therefore, the contribution of this article is twofold. By means of a case study, we show how field trials can be evaluated in a more structural way to cover all dimensions of context and how this same framework can be used to evaluate context in the front end of design. This framework implies that living lab researchers are no longer dependent on the technological readiness level of a product to evaluate all dimensions of context. By using the proposed framework, living lab researchers can improve the overall effectiveness of methods used to gather and analyze data in a living lab project. },
	keywords = {context, innovation process, Living lab, real-life},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1047},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1047},
	author = {Lynn Coorevits and An Jacobs}
}
@article {985,
	title = {Creating Brand India: Strategies, Issues, and Challenges},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {5-9},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Just like a product, person, or institution, a country also has an impression in the minds of people. A brand distinguishes the product of one seller from those of the others. With the Indian Prime Minister{\textquoteright}s recent call to "Make in India", brand building is receiving more attention and momentum in the country. India is the largest democratic country with the highest GDP, and it is becoming a favourable destination for the global investment giants. But, despite various strengths and successes in image building, the country faces challenges in creating a sustainable, conducive environment for making India a production hub of the world. Bureaucracy, corruption, delay in clearance of business proposals, ethical standards and work culture, tax reforms, political interventions, socio-economic barriers, regionalism, etc. are some of the challenges that must be coped with. This article examines these various issues and challenges that must be overcome in creating Brand India.},
	keywords = {Brand India, challenges, economic growth, entrepreneurship, government initiatives, innovation, Make in India},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/985},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/985},
	author = {Alok Chakrawal and Pratibha Goyal}
}
@article {1017,
	title = {Developing Tacit Knowledge of Complex Systems: The Value of Early Empirical Inquiry in Healthcare Design},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09/2016},
	pages = {28-38},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Infection prevention and control has been the subject of much study in medical and epidemiological research and a variety of best practice guidelines have been developed to support healthcare workers and related stakeholders. Yet, despite the availability of information, managing healthcare-associated infections remains a challenge because the relevant explicit knowledge is not being adequately developed and mobilized as tacit knowledge for use "on the front lines". Some researchers have called for a human factors perspective to help address challenges in designing for infection prevention and  control, but relatively few studies have been conducted to date. Researchers also suggest that empirical inquiry is needed to better inform the design process, and particularly the design of complex systems where attention to detailed processes and interactions can support the success of an intervention. A human factors approach can help designers develop a deeper understanding of work processes, technology considerations, as well as physiological, psychological, cultural, and organizational factors. The need is particularly pressing in low-resource healthcare environments where funds, time, and human resources may be scarce and strategic design decisions based on evidence are needed to support meaningful and effective changes. With this in mind, a human factors study was conducted in an existing neonatal intensive care unit to identify the influence of product and environment design on infection prevention and control and to inform recommendations for improvement. In this case study, we illustrate how the application of an empirical, methodical approach can help design professionals and stakeholders develop tacit knowledge of complex systems {\textendash} knowledge that can be used to better inform design priorities, the design process, decision making, and the allocation of resources to help maximize improvements.},
	keywords = {design research, ergonomics, healthcare design, human factors, infection prevention and control, knowledge mobilization, neonatal intensive care unit},
	issn = { 1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1017},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1017},
	author = {Chantal Trudel and Sue Cobb and Kathryn Momtahan and Janet Brintnell and Ann Mitchell}
}
@article {962,
	title = {Editorial: Cybersecurity (February 2016)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {02/2016},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {cybersecurity, intrusion, licensing, literature reviews, machine learning, malware, multisided platforms, new domains, open source},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/962},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/962},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Dan Craigen}
}
@article {1030,
	title = {Rejuvenating the Cider Route in Quebec: An Action Design Research Approach to Stakeholder Collaboration and Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {11/2016},
	pages = {6-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article examines the problem of rejuvenating collaboration for innovation among cideries (cider producers) and the regional tourism association as the historical key stakeholders of the Cider Route of the Mont{\'e}r{\'e}gie region in Quebec, Canada. The article reports on the initial steps of an action design research approach to support the stakeholders of the Cider Route in designing an innovative solution in response to numerous challenges they face, including a lack of new initiatives and steeply declining membership among cideries. The first step of the action design research was to define the problem: to renew the collaborative process among the Cider Route stakeholders by redefining the vision, mission, and strategy leading to an artifact proposal that could take the form of a mobile application. Thus, the notion of a boundary object is employed {\textendash} in relation to the process of designing an information technology artifact in the form of a mobile application for the Cider Route {\textendash} as a way to understand the need to collaborate to innovate in this context. The article also reports on the ongoing second step of the action design research process, which consists of supporting the collaborative process using group concept mapping. The group concept mapping method was suggested to guide and sustain the collaborative process over time because it is a participatory, bottom-up, mixed-methods approach to evaluation and planning. The group concept mapping, applied within the action design research approach, could be helpful in two ways: first, to define the rejuvenated vision, mission, and strategy for the Cider Route; second, to define the specific functionalities of the mobile application for the Cider Route.},
	keywords = {action design research, agrotourism, boundary object, Cider Route, stakeholder collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1030},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/1030},
	author = {L. Martin Cloutier and Laurent Renard and S{\'e}bastien Arcand and E. Michael Laviolette}
}
@article {989,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} An Introduction to Intellectual Property for Entrepreneurs},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	pages = {27-29},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Canada, CIPO, copyright, entrepreneurship, industrial design, intellectual property, patents, startups, trade secrets, trademarks},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/989},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/989},
	author = {Elizabeth Collinson}
}
@article {967,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Insights from Success and Failure in Technology Businesses},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {02/2016},
	pages = {36-39},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Blackberry, book launch, innovation, insights, lessons, management, Nortel, Research in Motion, technology, technology innovation management review, TIM Review},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/967},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/967},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Peter Carbone and Sean Silcoff}
}
@article {872,
	title = {Agile New Service Development in an Interdisciplinary Context},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {02/2015},
	pages = {33-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article it shows the role of services in a highly interdisciplinary context: promoting cooperation between organizations in the life sciences industry and in the engineering and automation industry. It provides insights on how required offerings of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) are developed systematically based on a simple service engineering process model. In addition to the content-related view of new service development, findings from a meta-view are presented. Cooperating researchers and practitioners in the new-service development process observed their own collaboration and how the applied service engineering model had to be modified dynamically to the requirements of the use case. The results show that an easy-to-use service engineering model in a highly interdisciplinary context has benefits, but success is dependent on the joint efforts of an accordingly interdisciplinary team of engineers and natural scientists; a close communication with the customers both from the life sciences industry and the engineering and automation industry; and a more agile approach. },
	keywords = {agile, engineering and automation, interdisciplinarity, KIBS, knowledge-intensive business services, life sciences, new service development, service engineering},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/872},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/872},
	author = {Sabrina Cocca and Ann-Mareen Franke and Simone Schell}
}
@article {902,
	title = {A Design Science Approach to Constructing Critical Infrastructure and Communicating Cybersecurity Risks},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {6-16},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Academics are increasingly examining the approaches individuals and organizations use to construct critical infrastructure and communicate cybersecurity risks. Recent studies conclude that owners and operators of critical infrastructures, as well as governments, do not disclose reliable information related to cybersecurity risks and that cybersecurity specialists manipulate cognitive limitations to overdramatize and oversimplify cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructures. This article applies a design science perspective to the challenge of securing critical infrastructure by developing a process anchored around evidence-based design principles. The proposed process is expected to enable learning across critical infrastructures, improve the way risks to critical infrastructure are communicated, and improve the quality of the responses to citizens{\textquoteright} demands for their governments to collect, validate, and disseminate reliable information on cybersecurity risks to critical infrastructures. These results will be of interest to the general public, vulnerable populations, owners and operators of critical infrastructures, and various levels of governments worldwide. },
	keywords = {advanced persistent threats, critical infrastructures, cybersecurity, design propositions, design science, resilience},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/902},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/902},
	author = {Steven Muegge and Dan Craigen}
}
@article {901,
	title = {Editorial: Critical Infrastructures and Cybersecurity (June 2015)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {botnet, club theory, critical infrastructure, cybersecurity, design principles, design science, healthcare, networked medical devices, project management maturity model},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/901},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/901},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Dan Craigen and Steven Muegge}
}
@article {911,
	title = {Establishing New Codes for Creativity through Haute Cuisine: The Case of Ferran Adri{\`a} and elBulli},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {25-33},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Ferran Adri{\`a} is one of the most recognized chefs in the world. His restaurant, elBulli, was awarded five times the title of the Best Restaurant in the World. Through an analysis of the last 30 years of the creative journey of elBulli, this contribution highlights that Adri{\`a} and his team of chefs succeeded in articulating two different processes: i) a process of creativity that aimed at defining a new {\textquotedblleft}school{\textquotedblright} of high cuisine and ii) a process of innovation that was expressed by the new gastronomic experiences offered to the (happy few) customers of the restaurant until its closure in 2011. A careful examination of the coupling and decoupling of these two processes shows how they fueled each other, and how the management of the organization (through a specific type of ambidexterity) was conducive to the adequate articulation of the two processes. },
	keywords = {ambidexterity, creative process, creativity, elBulli, exploitation, exploration, Ferran Adri{\`a}, gastronomy, haute cuisine, innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/911},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/911},
	author = {Ignasi Capdevila and Patrick Cohendet and Laurent Simon}
}
@article {909,
	title = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Creativity in Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {5-13},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Managing creativity for innovation is a key challenge in today{\textquoteright}s economy; therefore, the management of ideas will play in increasing role in driving the growth and resilience of organizations. Rather than simple inspired insights, ideas have to be addressed as complex socio-cognitive processes, to be organized and managed. To benefit from the full value of new ideas, management must constantly balance the formal and the informal, the logic of creation and the logic of production, and must learn to couple idea-generation processes and innovation processes through renewed knowledge management practices. In this introduction to the Technology Innovation Management Review{\textquoteright}s special issue on Creativity in Innovation, the guest editors highlight the need to manage: i) ideation processes to foster creativity, ii) the tension that exists between the logic of creation and production; and iii) disruptive innovation to transform a traditional industry. },
	keywords = {creativity, ideas, ideation, innovation, management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/909},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/909},
	author = {Patrick Cohendet and Laurent Simon}
}
@article {904,
	title = {Secure by Design: Cybersecurity Extensions to Project Management Maturity Models for Critical Infrastructure Projects},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {26-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Many systems that comprise our critical infrastructures {\textendash} including electricity, transportation, healthcare, and financial systems {\textendash} are designed and deployed as information technology (IT) projects using project management practices. IT projects provide a one-time opportunity to securely "design in" cybersecurity to the IT components of critical infrastructures. The project management maturity models used by organizations today to assess the quality and rigour of IT project management practices do not explicitly consider cybersecurity. This article makes three contributions to address this gap. First, it develops the argument that cybersecurity can and should be a concern of IT project managers and assessed in the same way as other project management capabilities. Second, it examines three widely used cybersecurity maturity models {\textendash} i) the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) framework for improving critical infrastructure cybersecurity, ii) the United States Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2), and iii) the CERT Resilience Management Model (CERT RMM) from the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute {\textendash} to identify six cybersecurity themes that are salient to IT project management. Third, it proposes a set of cybersecurity extensions to PjM3, a widely-deployed project management maturity model. The extensions take the form of a five-level cybersecurity capability perspective that augments the seven standard perspectives of the PjM3 by explicitly assessing project management capabilities that impact the six themes where IT project management and cybersecurity intersect. This article will be relevant to IT project managers, the top management teams of organizations that design and deploy IT systems for critical infrastructures, and managers at organizations that provide and maintain critical infrastructures.},
	keywords = {C2M2, capability maturity models, CERT RMM, critical infrastructures, cybersecurity, NIST, P3M3, PjM3, project management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/904},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/904},
	author = {Jay Payette and Esther Anegbe and Erika Caceres and Steven Muegge}
}
@article {922,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Communicating Strategy: How Drawing Can Create Better Engagement},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	pages = {44-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {communicating, drawing, frameworks, illustrations, strategic management, strategy, SWOT, visual communication},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/922},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/922},
	author = {Stephen Cummings}
}
@article {906,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Three Collaborations Enabling Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {06/2015},
	pages = {45-48},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {book launch, collaboration, cybersecurity, entrepreneurship, NSA, research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/906},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/906},
	author = {Deborah Frincke and Dan Craigen and Ned Nadima and Arthur Low and Michael Thomas}
}
@article {910,
	title = {Toward a New Understanding of Creative Dynamics: From One-Size-Fits-All Models to Multiple and Dynamic Forms of Creativity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {14-24},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article proposes an alternative to a managerial "best practice" approach to creativity based on the notion of creativity as a singular concept. Our alternative draws on three fundamental ideas that are emerging in different pockets of the creativity literature in a way that can be readily conceptualized and applied in practice. The first idea is that creativity is really about "creativities", or a cluster of different and discrete qualities that can be combined to suit the context in which they operate. The second is that creativity is not static: it is about "creativitying", or the action and the practice of combining these creativities, which evolve over time. The third is that being creative in organizations is not an individual act: rather, it is the multiple activities of groups as they go about creativitying.},
	keywords = {action-embedded creativity, creative dynamics, creativities, creativity, creativitying, innovation, management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/910},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/910},
	author = {Stephen Cummings and Chris Bilton and dt ogilvie}
}
@article {844,
	title = {Assessing Scientific Contributions: A Proposed Framework and Its Application to Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {11/2014},
	pages = {5-13},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Through a synthesis of existing work on evaluating scientific theories and contributions, a framework for assessing scientific contributions is presented. By way of example, the framework is then applied to two contributions to the science of cybersecurity. The science of cybersecurity is slowly emerging. As the science and its theories emerge, it is important to extract the key contributions that characterize actual progress in our understanding of cybersecurity. Researchers and funding agencies will be interested in the assessment framework as a means of assessing scientific contributions to cybersecurity. In a nascent research area such as the science of cybersecurity, this article may contribute to a focused research program to accelerate the growth of the science.},
	keywords = {assessing science, cybersecurity, science of cybersecurity, scientific contributions, scientific progress, societal contributions},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/844},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/844},
	author = {Dan Craigen}
}
@article {829,
	title = {Challenging the Stage-Gate Model in Crowdsourcing: The Case of Fiat Mio in Brazil},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {28-35},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A large crowdsourcing project managed by Fiat Brazil involved more than 17,000 participants from 160 different nationalities over 15 months. Fiat promoted a dialogue with an enthusiastic community by linking car experts, professionals, and lay people, through which more than 11,000 ideas were selected and developed to create a concept car using a collaborative process. Through an in-depth case study of this crowdsourcing project, we propose a new approach {\textendash} the accordion model {\textendash} which uses project management to help maximize the beneficial inputs of the crowd. Whereas the stage-gate process relies on a {\textquotedblleft}funnel{\textquotedblright} of articulated sequences expressing a progressive reduction from an initial stock of potential ideas and concepts, in this article, we suggest that crowdsourced projects are more akin to a process that articulates a succession of broadening and funnelling periods that represent information requests and deliveries. We use the metaphorical terminology of {\textquotedblleft}the sacred and the profane{\textquotedblright} to illustrate the interaction of sophisticated and ordinary ideas between the {\textquotedblleft}sacred{\textquotedblright} experts from Fiat and the {\textquotedblleft}profane{\textquotedblright} lay people associated with the project. Lessons learned from the Fiat Mio case suggest how both organizations and Internet users may benefit from successful crowdsourcing projects.},
	keywords = {automobile industry, Brazil, crowdsourcing, Fiat, marketing, Open innovation, project management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/829},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/829},
	author = {Fabio Prado Saldanha and Patrick Cohendet and Marlei Pozzebon}
}
@article {835,
	title = {Defining Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {10/2014},
	pages = {13-21},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Cybersecurity is a broadly used term, whose definitions are highly variable, often subjective, and at times, uninformative. The absence of a concise, broadly acceptable definition that captures the multidimensionality of cybersecurity impedes technological and scientific advances by reinforcing the predominantly technical view of cybersecurity while separating disciplines that should be acting in concert to resolve complex cybersecurity challenges. In conjunction with an in-depth literature review, we led multiple discussions on cybersecurity with a diverse group of practitioners, academics, and graduate students to examine multiple perspectives of what should be included in a definition of cybersecurity. In this article, we propose a resulting new definition: "Cybersecurity is the organization and collection of resources, processes, and structures used to protect cyberspace and cyberspace-enabled systems from occurrences that misalign de jure from de facto property rights." Articulating a concise, inclusive, meaningful, and unifying definition will enable an enhanced and enriched focus on interdisciplinary cybersecurity dialectics and thereby will influence the approaches of academia, industry, and government and non-governmental organizations to cybersecurity challenges.},
	keywords = {cybersecurity, cyberspace, definition, interdisciplinary, security},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/835},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/835},
	author = {Dan Craigen and Nadia Diakun-Thibault and Randy Purse}
}
@article {765,
	title = {Enhancing Innovation through Virtual Proximity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {02/2014},
	pages = {17-22},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Historically, innovation strategists have focused on leveraging local resources and the development of local clusters, which have relied heavily on personal contact. It was assumed that serendipity would occur through casual contact and that this contact would result in rapid sharing of ideas. Many studies have supported this concept; however, the pace of innovation has changed and the most successful organizations promote not only physical proximity but also virtual proximity to resources. Virtual proximity refers to the level of emotional closeness between individuals, as developed through the use of information and communications technologies. This article argues that organizations can and should look to develop local virtual relationships supported by physical proximity: the mix of both virtual proximity and physical proximity can increase an organization{\textquoteright}s innovation capability. },
	keywords = {clusters, communication, distance, innovation, tools, virtual proximity},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/765},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/765},
	author = {Tom Coughlan}
}
@article {839,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Cybersecurity Metrics and Simulation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {10/2014},
	pages = {43-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {cybersecurity, metrics, modelling, simulation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/839},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/839},
	author = {George Cybenko}
}
@article {733,
	title = {Corporate Lifecycles: Modelling the Dynamics of Innovation and Its Support Infrastructure},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10/2013},
	pages = {22-29},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Corporate leadership and corporate culture have to be aligned to market realities to ensure the long-term success of a firm.  As companies form, grow, and mature, the management of the enterprises also have to evolve through the business lifecycle. What is successful in the introduction stage may not be successful for a mature company. Firms are required to change their focus from product development, to market development, to process development, and finally to market and financial leadership. To be successful means that not only the types of employees hired have to evolve to support the culture required, but the leadership styles and management focus also have to change and adapt to the new realities that firms encounter in their market. The dynamic model presented in this article shows the broad strategic imperatives that must be met by firms, and it is presented through a graphical illustration of how successful firms manage their evolution and how firms can fail through mis-allocation of corporate efforts to non-mission critical initiatives.},
	keywords = {innovation, Innovation management, leadership, market lifecycle, model, organizational culture, staffing},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/733},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/733},
	author = {Tamas Koplyay and Lisa Chillingworth and Brian Mitchell}
}
@article {711,
	title = {Developing an Innovation Engine to Make Canada a Global Leader in Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {08/2013},
	pages = {5-14},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {An engine designed to convert innovation into a country{\textquoteright}s global leadership position in a specific product market is examined in this article, using Canada and cybersecurity as an example. Five entities are core to the innovation engine: an ecosystem, a project community, an external community, a platform, and a corporation. The ecosystem is the focus of innovation in firm-specific factors that determine outcomes in global competition; the project community is the focus of innovation in research and development; and the external community is the focus of innovation in resources produced and used by economic actors that operate outside of the focal product market. Strategic intent, governance, resource flows, and organizational agreements bind the five entities together. Operating the innovation engine in Canada is expected to improve the level and quality of prosperity, security, and capacity of Canadians, increase the number of Canadian-based companies that successfully compete globally in cybersecurity product markets, and better protect Canada{\textquoteright}s critical infrastructure. Researchers interested in learning how to create, implement, improve, and grow innovation engines will find this article interesting. The article will also be of interest to senior management teams in industry and government, chief information and technology officers, social and policy analysts, academics, and individual citizens who wish to learn how to secure cyberspace. },
	keywords = {business ecosystem, cybersecurity, innovation engine, innovation in commercialization, innovation in research and development},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/711},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/711},
	author = {Tony Bailetti and Dan Craigen and David Hudson and Renaud Levesque and Stuart McKeen and D{\textquoteright}Arcy Walsh}
}
@article {730,
	title = {Editorial: Managing Innovation for Tangible Performance (October 2013)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10/2013},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {applied research, boundary management, commercialization, company culture, competitiveness, firm-level innovation management, innovation literacy, innovative capabilities, managing innovation, market lifecycle},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/730},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/730},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Sorin Cohn}
}
@article {721,
	title = {Editorial: Managing Innovation for Tangible Performance (September 2013)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {09/2013},
	pages = {3-5},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {commercialization, competitiveness, firm-level innovation management, innovative capabilities, managing innovation},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/721},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/721},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Sorin Cohn}
}
@article {731,
	title = {A Firm-Level Innovation Management Framework and Assessment Tool for Increasing Competitiveness},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10/2013},
	pages = {6-15},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Innovation depends on much more than just technology and R\&D. It is a means to an end {\textendash} competitive success and higher market value {\textendash} and it needs to be managed strategically and methodically for tangible corporate performance where it matters: in the market. This article introduces a comprehensive corporate innovation management framework (v-CIM) and a targeted competitiveness assessment tool (i-TCA). Properly used by corporate leaders, this framework and its associated tool enable innovation managers to decide on priorities for competitive development, adopt appropriate innovation strategies to meet corporate goals, monitor progress, make adjustments, and help create and maintain a culture of innovation that is aligned with business goals. },
	keywords = {competitiveness assessment, firm-level innovation, innovation models, innovation performance, management, management effectiveness, tools},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/731},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/731},
	author = {Sorin Cohn}
}
@article {677,
	title = {Incubation Programs from Public Research Organizations as Catalysts for Open Business Ecosystems},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {04/2013},
	pages = {29-34},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In many economies, new knowledge and technology creation and transfer towards local entities and new startups have been recognized as catalysts for industry renewal and tools for safeguarding (or even enhancing) a region{\textquoteright}s employment and prosperity. This article presents a case study of iMinds, a network organization in Flanders, Belgium. The organization fosters interdisciplinary research in information and communication technologies (ICT) and strongly engages in transferring these new technologies towards local actors and in creating and supporting new startups. iMinds{\textquoteright} incubation and entrepreneurship programs act as catalysts for open innovation and company startup activities in the Flemish region.},
	keywords = {clusters of innovation, incubation programs, startup ecosystem, technology entrepreneurship, university-industry interaction},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/677},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/677},
	author = {Sven H. De Cleyn and Frank Gielen and Jan Coppens}
}
@article {705,
	title = {Managing Cybersecurity Research and Experimental Development: The REVO Approach},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {07/2013},
	pages = {34-41},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {We present a systematic approach for managing a research and experimental development cybersecurity program that must be responsive to continuously evolving cybersecurity, and other, operational concerns. The approach will be of interest to research-program managers, academe, corporate leads, government leads, chief information officers, chief technology officers, and social and technology policy analysts. The approach is compatible with international standards and procedures published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (TBS). The key benefits of the approach are the following: i) the breadth of the overall (cybersecurity) space is described; ii) depth statements about specific (cybersecurity) challenges are articulated and mapped to the breadth of the problem; iii) specific (cybersecurity) initiatives that have been resourced through funding or personnel are tracked and linked to specific challenges; and iv) progress is assessed through key performance indicators.

Although we present examples from cybersecurity, the method may be transferred to other domains. We have found the approach to be rigorous yet adaptive to change; it challenges an organization to be explicit about the nature of its research and experimental development in a manner that fosters alignment with evolving business priorities, knowledge transfer, and partner engagement. },
	keywords = {cybersecurity, experimental development, performance indicators, research, research program lifecycle, research-activity descriptions, research-requirement statements, strategic research contexts},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/705},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/705},
	author = {Dan Craigen and Drew Vandeth and D{\textquoteright}Arcy Walsh}
}
@article {665,
	title = {Problemsourcing: Local Open Innovation for R\&D Organizations},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	pages = {14-20},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open innovation and crowdsourcing are usually focused on using others external to the organization to solve your problems. How then do R\&D organizations, who traditionally solve the problems of others, harness the benefits of open innovation and crowdsourcing yet maintain their mission and capabilities? "Problemsourcing" may provide the answer. In this mode of open innovation, the open call to the "crowd" of businesses is for them to suggest problems that, if solved by the R\&D organization, could greatly enhance the business{\textquoteright} competitive advantage and therefore the nation{\textquoteright}s economy. 

In this article, we describe a problemsourcing initiative developed by Industrial Research Ltd (IRL), a government-owned R\&D organization in New Zealand. The "What{\textquoteright}s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition promised NZ$1m worth of R\&D services to the winning business. Using this case study, we map a range of benefits of crowdsourcing for R\&D problems, including generating a potential pipeline of projects and clients as well as avoiding the challenge to the professional status of the organization{\textquoteright}s research capability. A side-effect not initially taken account of was that, by demonstrating openness, accessibility, and helpfulness, the reputation of the research organization was greatly enhanced. 

The problemsourcing model provided by the "What{\textquoteright}s Your Problem New Zealand?" competition represents a new strategic possibility for R\&D organizations that complements their traditional business model by drawing on the openness that open innovation and crowdsourcing seek to leverage. As such, it can provide insights for other research organizations wishing to make use of the connectivity afforded by open innovation and crowdsourcing.},
	keywords = {crowdsourcing, local open innovation, Open innovation, problemsourcing, R\&D},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/665},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/665},
	author = {Sally Davenport and Stephen Cummings and Urs Daellenbach and Charles Campbell}
}
@article {712,
	title = {Quantitative Metrics and Risk Assessment: The Three Tenets Model of Cybersecurity},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {08/2013},
	pages = {15-24},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Progress in operational cybersecurity has been difficult to demonstrate. In spite of the considerable research and development investments made for more than 30 years, many government, industrial, financial, and consumer information systems continue to be successfully attacked and exploited on a routine basis. One of the main reasons that progress has been so meagre is that most technical cybersecurity solutions that have been proposed to-date have been point solutions that fail to address operational tradeoffs, implementation costs, and consequent adversary adaptations across the full spectrum of vulnerabilities. Furthermore, sound prescriptive security principles previously established, such as the Orange Book, have been difficult to apply given current system complexity and acquisition approaches. To address these issues, the authors have developed threat-based descriptive methodologies to more completely identify system vulnerabilities, to quantify the effectiveness of possible protections against those vulnerabilities, and to evaluate operational consequences and tradeoffs of possible protections. 

This article begins with a discussion of the tradeoffs among seemingly different system security properties such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability. We develop a quantitative framework for understanding these tradeoffs and the issues that arise when those security properties are all in play within an organization. Once security goals and candidate protections are identified, risk/benefit assessments can be performed using a novel multidisciplinary approach, called {\textquotedblleft}QuERIES.{\textquotedblright} The article ends with a threat-driven quantitative methodology, called {\textquotedblleft}The Three Tenets{\textquotedblright}, for identifying vulnerabilities and countermeasures in networked cyber-physical systems. The goal of this article is to offer operational guidance, based on the techniques presented here, for informed decision making about cyber-physical system security. },
	keywords = {availability, confidentiality, integrity, quantitative cybersecurity, risk assessment, vulnerabilities},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/712},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/712},
	author = {Jeff Hughes and George Cybenko}
}
@article {704,
	title = {Securing Canada{\textquoteright}s Information-Technology Infrastructure: Context, Principles, and Focus Areas of Cybersecurity Research},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {07/2013},
	pages = {12-18},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article addresses the challenges of cybersecurity and ultimately the provision of a stable and resilient information-technology infrastructure for Canada and, more broadly, the world. We describe the context of current cybersecurity challenges by synthesizing key source material whose importance was informed by our own real-world experiences. Furthermore, we present a checklist of guiding principles to a unified response, complete with a set of action-oriented research topics that are linked to known operational limitations. The focus areas are used to drive the formulation of a unified and relevant research and experimental development program, thereby moving us towards a stable and resilient cyberinfrastructure. When cybersecurity is viewed as an inherently interdisciplinary problem of societal concern, we expect that fundamentally new research perspectives will emerge in direct response to domain-specific protection requirements for information-technology infrastructure. Purely technical responses to cybersecurity challenges will be inadequate because human factors are an inherent aspect of the problem.

This article will interest managers and entrepreneurs. Senior management teams can assess new technical developments and product releases to fortify their current security solutions, while entrepreneurs can harness new opportunities to commercialize novel technology to solve a high-impact cybersecurity problem..},
	keywords = {Canada, cyberdefence, cyberinfrastructure, cybersecurity, entrepreneurship, experimental development program, information-technology infrastructure, management, research},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/704},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/704},
	author = {Dan Craigen and D{\textquoteright}Arcy Walsh and David Whyte}
}
@article {649,
	title = {Sustainability and Governance in Developing Open Source Projects as Processes of In-Becoming},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {40-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Sustainability is often thought of as a binary state: an open source project is either sustainable or not. In reality, sustainability is much more complex. What makes this project more sustainable than that one? Why should it be assumed in the first place that sustainability is a prolonged state of an ingraced project? The threads are pulled from their yarns in many directions. 

This article attempts to reconceptualize some assumed notions of the processes involved in developing open source software. It takes the stance in favour of studying the fluctuant nature of open source and the associated artefacts, not as well-defined objects, but as commons that are continually built upon, evolved, and modified; sometimes in unexpected ways. Further, the governance of these commons is an ongoing process, tightly linked with the way in which these commons are allowed to further develop. This perspective of "in-becoming" is useful in understanding the efforts and processes that need to be provided to sustainably govern the development of open source projects and the advantages for managing requirements derived therein. 
},
	keywords = {becoming, emergence, governance, open source, Ostrom, processes, requirements, sustainability},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/649},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/649},
	author = {Daniel Curto-Millet}
}
@article {646,
	title = {Sustainability of Open Collaborative Communities: Analyzing Recruitment Efficiency},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {20-26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Extensive research has been conducted over the past years to improve our understanding of sustainability conditions for large-scale collaborative projects, especially from an economic and governance perspective. However, the influence of recruitment and retention of participants in these projects has received comparatively less attention from researchers. Nevertheless, these concerns are significant for practitioners, especially regarding the apparently decreasing ability of the main open online projects to attract and retain new contributors. A possible explanation for this decrease is that those projects have simply reached a mature state of development. Marwell and Oliver (1993) and Oliver, Marwell, and Teixeira (1985) note that, at the initial stage in collective projects, participants are few and efforts are costly; in the diffusion phase, the number of participants grows, as their efforts are rewarding; and in the mature phase, some inefficiency may appear as the number of contributors is greater than required for the work.

In this article, we examine this possibility. We use original data from 36 Wikipedias in different languages to compare their efficiency in recruiting participants. We chose Wikipedia because the different language projects are at different states of development, but are quite comparable on the other aspects, providing a test of the impact of development on efficiency. Results confirm that most of the largest Wikipedias seem to be characterized by a reduced return to scale. As a result, we can draw interesting conclusions that can be useful for practitioners, facilitators, and managers of collaborative projects in order to identify key factors potentially influencing the adequate development of their communities over the medium-to-long term.},
	keywords = {DEA modeling, efficiency, recruitment, Wikipedia},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/646},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/646},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Nicolas Jullien and Felipe Ortega}
}
@article {686,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Enhancing Competitive Position Through Innovation Beyond R\&D},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	pages = {34-38},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Canada, commercialization, competition, culture, entrepreneurship, globalization, innovation, managing innovation, metrics},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/686},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/686},
	author = {Sorin Cohn}
}
@article {696,
	title = {TIM Lecture Series {\textendash} Using Risk to Drive a Security Service},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {06/2013},
	pages = {42-45},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {cybersecurity, platforms, risk management, security, services, strategy, uncertainty},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/696},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/696},
	author = {Paul Card}
}
@article {723,
	title = {Time to Innovate: Reflections and Recommendations on Time Management for Innovation Managers},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	month = {09/2013},
	pages = {13-19},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Effective time management is a critical success factor for most projects; however, it is particularly challenging for projects involving substantial innovation. For most projects, time (i.e., the schedule) becomes a management "red flag" that signals when something goes wrong or gets out of control. The challenge for projects involving significant innovation is that one or more critical activities may be of an unknown duration or involve factors outside the normal design process and require "red flagging" from the outset. Managers of innovation projects have to distinguish between those activities or work packets that are a part of {\textquotedblleft}business as usual{\textquotedblright} and those that involve innovation. They must identify and quantify the schedule risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. For example, one strategy to manage time-related risk is to decouple the innovation value as perceived by the customer (innovation output) from the technology innovation that is needed to deliver the product value in a cost-effective manner (innovation input). This strategy should take into account the likely consequences of longer-than-anticipated innovation time. Two common risks associated with poor time management for innovation are running out of financial runway to reach sustainable revenue and missing a critical market window. In this article, the author reflects on almost 30 years of experience in the Canadian innovation system across several industry sectors and provides some practical recommendations on time management for innovation managers.},
	keywords = {commercialization, innovation, product development, technology, time management},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/723},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/723},
	author = {Robert J. Crawhall}
}
@article {578,
	title = {Accelerating a Network Model of Care: Taking a Social Innovation to Scale},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	pages = {26-30},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Government-funded systems of health and social care are facing enormous fiscal and human-resource challenges. The space for innovation in care is wide open and new disruptive patterns are emerging. These include self-management and personal budgets, participatory and integrated care, supported decision making and a renewed focus on prevention. Taking these disruptive patterns to scale can be accelerated by a technologically enabled shift to a network model of care to co-create the best outcomes for individuals, family caregivers, and health and social care organizations.

The connections, relationships, and activities within an individual{\textquoteright}s personal network lay the foundation for care that health and social care systems/policy must simultaneously support and draw on for positive outcomes. Practical tools, adequate information, and tangible resources are required to coordinate and sustain care. 

Tyze Personal Networks is a social venture that uses technology to engage and inform the individual, their personal networks, and their care providers to co-create the best outcomes. In this article, we demonstrate how Tyze contributes to a shift to a network model of care by strengthening our networks and enhancing partnerships between care providers, individuals, and family and friends. },
	keywords = {network centric care, network model of care, personal networks, social innovation, Tyze},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/578},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/578},
	author = {Vickie Cammack and Kerry Byrne}
}
@article {579,
	title = {Hacking Health: Bottom-up Innovation for Healthcare},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	pages = {31-35},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Healthcare is not sustainable and still functions with outdated technology (e.g., pagers, paper records).  Top-down approaches by governments and corporations have failed to deliver digital technologies to modernize healthcare. Disruptive innovation must come from the ground up by bridging the gap between front-line health experts and innovators in the latest web and mobile technology. Hacking Health is a hackathon that is focused on social innovation more than technical innovation. Our approach to improve healthcare is to pair technological innovators with healthcare experts to build realistic, human-centric solutions to front-line healthcare problems.},
	keywords = {hackathon, hacking health, healthcare, social innovation, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/579},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/579},
	author = {Jeeshan Chowdhury}
}
@article {548,
	title = {How Do Large Companies Manage Their Investments Across the Three Horizons?},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {04/2012},
	pages = {28-34},
	abstract = {Technical entrepreneurship continues to be important to a technology company{\textquoteright}s health and growth, even after it has successfully delivered its first product. It is essential to help the company deal with competitive forces and to renew its revenue stream. However, as the company grows, its entrepreneurial capability often becomes handicapped both by company culture as well as external pressures. The company must achieve the right mix of investment and level of attention across three time horizons of growth: immediate, imminent, and future. This balancing act requires a commitment to a strategic growth goal, appropriate tools, and leaders that can manage significant degrees of uniqueness in the resources that address each of these time horizons.

This article discusses some of the horizon-management challenges faced by top management teams of large companies and overviews some mechanisms and processes that have worked effectively. Large companies must overcome internal teams{\textquoteright} divergent values and culture as well as significant external, short-term pressures being applied by their existing base of customers and markets. Discipline at the entry point to Horizon 3 (exploratory phase) and then a rapid transition to Horizon 1 (current operations) is the priority of any successful growth company.
},
	keywords = {horizon management, investment, large companies, technology entrepreneurship},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/548},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/548},
	author = {Peter Carbone}
}
@article {566,
	title = {The Physical Internet and Business Model Innovation},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06/2012},
	pages = {32-37},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Building on the analogy of data packets within the Digital Internet, the Physical Internet is a concept that dramatically transforms how physical objects are designed, manufactured, and distributed. This approach is open, efficient, and sustainable beyond traditional proprietary logistical solutions, which are often plagued by inefficiencies. The Physical Internet redefines supply chain configurations, business models, and value-creation patterns. Firms are bound to be less dependent on operational scale and scope trade-offs because they will be in a position to offer novel hybrid products and services that would otherwise destroy value. Finally, logistical chains become flexible and reconfigurable in real time, thus becoming better in tune with firm strategic choices. This article focuses on the potential impact of the Physical Internet on business model innovation, both from the perspectives of Physical-Internet enabled and enabling business models.},
	keywords = {business models, logistics, physical internet, supply chains},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/566},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/566},
	author = {Benoit Montreuil and Jean-Fran{\c c}ois Roug{\`e}s and Yan Cimon and Diane Poulin}
}
@article {490,
	title = {Acquisition Integration Models: How Large Companies Successfully Integrate Startups},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	pages = {26-31},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Mergers and acquisitions (M\&A) have been popular means for many companies to address the increasing pace and level of competition that they face. Large companies have pursued acquisitions to more quickly access technology, markets, and customers, and this approach has always been a viable exit strategy for startups. However, not all deals deliver the anticipated benefits, in large part due to poor integration of the acquired assets into the acquiring company. Integration can greatly impact the success of the acquisition and, indeed, the combined company{\textquoteright}s overall market success. 

In this article, I explore the implementation of several integration models that have been put into place by a large company and extract principles that may assist negotiating parties with maximizing success. This perspective may also be of interest to smaller companies as they explore exit options while trying to ensure continued market success after acquisition. I assert that business success with acquisitions is dependent on an appropriate integration model, but that asset integration is not formulaic. Any integration effort must consider the specific market context and personnel involved.
},
	keywords = {Acquisitions, Company Integration, Competitive M\&A, Mergers},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/490},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/490},
	author = {Peter Carbone}
}
@article {500,
	title = {Editorial: Intellectual Property Rights (December 2011)},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {3-4},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {intellectual property, intellectual property rights, IP, IPR, patents},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/500},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/500},
	author = {Chris McPhee and Peter Carbone}
}
@article {461,
	title = {Introducing the Oregon State University Open Source Lab},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {08/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The Oregon State University Open Source Lab (OSUOSL) is the home of growing, high-impact open source communities. Its world-class hosting services enable the Linux operating system, Apache web server, the Drupal content management system, and over 50 other leading open source software projects to collaborate with contributors and distribute software to millions of users globally. Through custom software development, vendor partnerships, and industry events such as the Government Open Source Conference (GOSCON), the lab{\textquoteright}s staff and students encourage open source adoption in education, government, health care, and other sectors. In addition, the lab creates real-world educational opportunities for its students by providing high-value development and hosting services for open source communities. In this article, we describe the benefits of the OSUOSL to open source projects and to students of Oregon State University.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/461},
	author = {Anthony Casson and Leslie Hawthorn}
}
@article {447,
	title = {Learning from Failure: A Case Study in Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {06/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Business ventures often fail even when market demand is demonstrated and evaluated by peers, and when the project team is capable of producing the work. In this informal case study based on the author{\textquoteright}s own experiences, the topics of market size and fit, team size, human dynamics, business validation, and interaction design are explored to form a picture of how a business with seemingly promising prospects could still fail. Specifically, the challenges faced by small or single-person implementation teams are discussed, with suggestions for overcoming these challenges to produce more realistic and viable businesses. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/447},
	author = {Daniel Crenna}
}
@article {502,
	title = {Patents to Exclude vs. Include: Rethinking the Management of Intellectual Property Rights in a Knowledge-Based Economy},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12/2011},
	pages = {12-17},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Traditional patent theory emphasizes the importance of patents for excluding imitators. This view is far too restrictive and is at odds with many empirical and theoretical works. Therefore, we propose an analysis of patent management that considers the properties of knowledge-based economies explicitly. Patents are thus shown to be critical instruments for coordinating innovative activities between firms. They not only exclude potential infringers, but also {\textquotedblleft}include{\textquotedblright} all the heterogeneous stakeholders of the innovation process. Patents facilitate coordination via two mechanisms: they encourage the emergence of markets for technology (market coordination) and they play an important role in formal and informal inter-firm collaboration (non-market coordination). We also link firms{\textquoteright} patenting strategy with the characteristics of the technological regime of their sector.},
	keywords = {knowledge-based economy, markets for technology, Open innovation, patents, R\&D collaboration},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/502},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/502},
	author = {Patrick Cohendet and Julien P{\'e}nin}
}
@article {428,
	title = {Quality-Based Co-Value in SaaS Business Relationships},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {03/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In the past decade, the focus of information technology (IT) development has been on service-oriented architecture, especially the new service delivery model, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Accordingly, interest in quality management in the planning and operation of SaaS systems has increased tremendously. In practice, it is necessary to take into greater account the nature of service quality shared by both service provider and customer in the SaaS delivery.

This paper introduces a study on a theory that integrates the service quality and value co-creation (co-value) in the SaaS business relationships between service provider and customer. The theory is established, in part, based on the results of a survey of Chief Information Officers (CIOs) that shows a strong correspondence between the service quality required or desired by a client and the business relationship needed between SaaS clients and providers. We have used the theory as the foundation for an approach and tool for evaluating SaaS applications.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/428},
	author = {Xian Chen and Paul Sorenson}
}
@article {454,
	title = {Which Gender Differences Matter for High-Tech Entrepreneurship?},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2011},
	month = {07/2011},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {With data from successful founders of high-tech companies, we identify traits common to large majorities of them and any gender differences in those traits. There are few. Further, we identify criteria that might lead to gender imbalance among successful founders by comparing similarities and differences in the gender distribution of these traits among the general population and among successful founders. We find that signature traits of successful founders include: motivation by the desire to build wealth, and not by the inability to find traditional employment, nor because they developed a technology in a lab environment and wanted to see it make an impact; belief that startup success was due to prior industry or work experience, lessons learned from previous successes and failures, the company{\textquoteright}s management team, and good fortune, not because of state or regional assistance or alumni networks; access to mentors, and little financial pressure for a steady income. None of these dominant traits appeared to be required unequally of men and women, although some traits were unequally distributed in the general population.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/454},
	author = {J. McGrath Cohoon}
}
@article {344,
	title = {Enterprise Mashups: Cloud-Based, Cloud-Driven and Cloud-Derived Applications},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {After Google Maps Mashups launched the mashup craze in 2005, this consumer-based idea quickly evolved, matured and migrated into the enterprise. Structured tools and platforms emerged that codified more formal, repeatable approaches to mashups emerged, including products like IBM Mashup Center, JackBe Presto, and WSO2 Mashup Server. Finally, the emergence of cloud-based hosting platforms and cloud-based data services have given many enterprises access to a richer set of options for mashup creation and deployment.

So where are mashups in the enterprise today? The goal of this article is to document and share mashups use-cases. It is also an effort to expand upon the previous OSBR articles Open APIs, Mashups and User Innovation and Mapping Mashup Ecosystems. We hope you find it provides practical mashup implementation examples and patterns collected through empirical and anecdotal research conducted with commercial and government mashup practioners.

In the last three years we have performed many formal interviews and surveys with commercial and government mashup practioners in all 50 United States and over 50 countries around the world. The examples in this article are based on the practical implementation examples and patterns collected through this empirical research as well as anecdotal information from our own implementation experiences of {\textquoteright}inside the firewall{\textquoteright} and cloud-based mashups. Much of the research cited is based upon data collected from the 3,890 members of JackBe{\textquoteright}s Mashup Developer Community and that community{\textquoteright}s Presto Cloud mashup platform running on Amazon EC2.

From our research we{\textquoteright}ve learned many things about the ways in which mashups are (or are expected to be) applied. One macro-trend appears to unite all other enterprise mashup trends and patterns: enterprise mashups are most applicable in data-intensive areas of an organization where i) information needs are dynamic; and ii) data must reach the user. Given the explosive rate of data growth in enterprise data in recent years, enterprise mashups can have meaning to just about every organization.

The cloud plays a critical role in the relevance and value of enterprise mashups. The value of a mashup increases exponentially as more data sources are incorporated into them. It is easy to assume that the onus is upon data sources inside the enterprise firewall and in the past this was generally true. The recent rapid growth of enterprise-quality cloud-based data sources makes it much easier to establish genuinely meaningful mashups from third-party data services.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/344},
	author = {John Crupi and Chris Warner}
}
@article {348,
	title = {How to Add Value to your Business with CEA: A Practical Approach},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {05/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Companies are always trying to differentiate themselves from the rest of the pack by applying different strategies such as improving customer service, increasing the efficiency of their operations, or reducing their costs. Most of the time, however, these goals are competing against each other for scarce resources, and managers often need to decide to concentrate on one. A small company can effectively and simultaneously accomplish these goals for a fraction of the cost by implementing communications-enabled business processes or solutions, which are a set of technology components that add real-time networking functionality to applications. One particular implementation of this framework is the one provided by Coral CEA. Coral CEA is a business ecosystem anchored around CEA functionalities that are offered as building blocks, out-of-the-box components that link the capabilities and intelligence of networks platforms with the power of current applications to provide a new set of features and functionalities.

In this article, we show how a small company called Rezact, located in the ski resort town of Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, successfully implemented CEA capabilities within its own operations using Coral CEA services. 
 },
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/348},
	author = {Daniel Cardenas}
}
@article {349,
	title = {Inspired by Open Source and CEAs: The Future of Collaborative Healthcare Delivery in Canada},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {05/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Open source and communications enabled applications are emerging as a vital part of e-Health strategies across Canada. This article provides an overview of lessons learned from our investigation of collaborative telehealth systems delivery in Canadian healthcare. Specifically, the role of open source software and CEAs with respect to pan-Canadian patient record management and telehealth service prototyping are discussed.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/349},
	author = {Andrew Ceponkus}
}
@article {330,
	title = {Open is the New Closed: How the Mobile Industry uses Open Source to Further Commercial Agendas},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {03/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Openness is a much-misunderstood word. It represents a kind of good-will moniker to which people attach an impressive variety of definitions: open source code, open standards, open handsets, openness as in transparency, shared roadmaps, open application programming interfaces (APIs), open route to market, and so on. It is a very forgiving term as far as definitions go.

One of the mobile industry{\textquoteright}s favourite facets of openness is open source code. Since 2007, tens of mobile industry giants and consortia have embraced open source in some form or other: the Symbian Foundation, LiMo Foundation, Google{\textquoteright}s Android, Nokia{\textquoteright}s Qt, Apple{\textquoteright}s WebKit and Nokia+Intel{\textquoteright}s Meego are the initiatives that have hit the industry front pages. On the surface, these initiatives use open source licenses, but that only tells half the story. Behind the scenes, Google, Apple, Nokia and others use restrictive governance models and control points that effectively detract the very freedoms that open source licensing is meant to bestow. This discusses the many forms that governance models can take, and how they are used in the mobile industry to tightly control the roadmap and application of open source projects.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/330},
	author = {Andreas Constantinou}
}
@article {387,
	title = {Open Source Contributions as a Complement to Your Sales Strategy},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Freeform Solutions, a not-for-profit IT consultancy, discovered a large portion of its work was being carried out without being paid for directly from consulting fees. This led to an investigation of the nature of such pro bono work, and what value it could provide to Freeform and its clients.

Supporting open source communities was determined to be the most significant use of the time possible. Accordingly, Freeform has taken steps to focus a significant portion of its work on that task, and to integrate this work with its overall orientation to clients.

This commitment to open source provides a strong differentiator in the marketplace. It also enables one kind of prioritization of sales leads. Ultimately, the commitment to the work is considered the most important aspect of the work, rather than the specific kind of activities that are undertaken, or how they are paid for.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/387},
	author = {Jason C{\^o}t{\'e} and Julian Egelstaff}
}
@article {341,
	title = {Re-evaluating Open Source for Sustaining Competitive Advantage for Hosted Applications},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {The use of open source in hosted solutions is undoubtedly widespread. However, it is seldom considered important in its own right, nor do the majority of hosted solutions providers contribute to or create open source as natural artifacts of doing good business. In this exploration of the nature of hosted solutions and their developers, it is suggested that not only consuming open source, but creating and disseminating it to collaborators and competitors alike, is essential to success.

By establishing an open source ecosystem where hosted solutions compete on differentiation rather than lose time and money to concerns that are expected by users, do not add value, and benefit from public scrutiny, hosted solution providers can reduce the cost of their solution, the time it takes to deliver new ones, and improve their quality without additional resources.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/341},
	author = {Daniel Crenna}
}
@article {278,
	title = {Accelerating Successful Technical Entrepreneurship},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {08/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Technical entrepreneurship is often associated with innovation, research and invention. However, the motivation for entrepreneurship is the creation of wealth and commercialization of an idea.

Wide scale disruptions in the economy, consolidations in industry, and the shift in value towards applications and applied technology create new challenges for the entrepreneur and the need for new business approaches to commercialization. Business ecosystems can effectively address these challenges. This article describes Coral CEA, the keystone of a worldwide ecosystem anchored around the commercialization of communication enabled applications. The vision of Coral CEA is to create new companies and knowledge jobs by implementing new commercialization models and driving massive innovation that is linked to commercialization.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/278},
	author = {Peter Carbone}
}
@article {227,
	title = {The Emerging Promise of Business EcoSystems},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {02/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {This article highlights the relevance of new business models and ecosystems in the knowledge-era economy. We begin with an introduction then argue that the shift in what is valued drives the need for new business models. The third section provides examples of innovative business models. The fourth section describes two key roles in an ecosystem: keystone and niche player. Finally, the last section provides the conclusions of this article.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/227},
	author = {Peter Carbone}
}
@article {285,
	title = {Special Considerations for Business Intelligence Projects},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {A business intelligence (BI) project has to be managed with as much discipline as any other information technology (IT) project in order to be successful. There are a few items that need special consideration given the nature of BI solutions, regardless of the specific methodology or technology involved. This article will discuss how to extract maximum value from an investment in BI software.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/285},
	author = {David Currie}
}
@article {150,
	title = {Blood on the Tracks: 6 Years of Technical Entrepreneurship in Ottawa},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {05/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In 2002, twenty nine engineers and computer scientists completed a Lead-to-Win (LTW) program in Technical Entrepreneurship. The LTW program was a pilot program designed for former Nortel employees to gain the skills needed to become entrepreneurs. Of the participants, fifteen started technology businesses, ten tried to attract venture capital funding, eleven tried to grow their companies with no venture capital funding, and seven established five technology businesses headquartered in Ottawa. These businesses attracted over $91 million from venture capital firms during one of the worst economic times to hit this region and created over 280 jobs globally.

On May 15th at the Partnership Conference Series, John Callahan and Tony Bailetti, directors of the LTW program, and three of the LTW graduates spoke about the lessons learned during and since the program.
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/150},
	author = {John Callahan and Tony Bailetti}
}
@article {127,
	title = {Free and Open Source Software: Overview and Preliminary Guidelines for the Government of Canada},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {03/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {After a slow beginning in the late 1990s, Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) has been constantly growing in importance and expanding in many software architectures all over the world. This impressive growth has been supported by the numerous successes, the high-quality reputation of F/LOSS-based systems and, of course, by the expectation of cost savings.

In 2003, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) initiated a special study to determine the role of F/LOSS in our information system architectures. This study was later expanded to the whole Government of Canada (GoC). This article summarizes some key findings based on the original DRDC report published in 2004. It includes a general introduction to F/LOSS followed by some guidelines in assessing the usefulness of F/LOSS in GoC project contexts.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/127},
	author = {Robert Charpentier}
}
@article {157,
	title = {Security Hardening of Open Source Software},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In today{\textquoteright}s computing world, security takes an increasingly predominant role. The industry is facing challenges in public confidence at the discovery of vulnerabilities and customers are expecting security to be delivered out of the box, even on programs that were not designed with security in mind. Software maintainers must face the challenge to improve the security of their programs and are often under-equipped to do so. Some are taking advantage of open source software (OSS) for their production systems as the availability of the source code facilitates their validation and answers their need for trustworthy programs. OSS are often implemented using the C programming language (26\% according to SourceForge.net), making it is necessary to investigate the security issues related to C.

This paper summarizes key concepts related to security hardening, and demonstrates its applicability on the C language. We also propose a progressive approach to integrate security services and protection measures into existing software to ultimately make it more resistant against cyber-attacks. Given our ever increasing dependability on information technologies, it becomes critically important to provide tools to maintainers that will facilitate and accelerate the security hardening process, increasing the effectiveness of the effort and lowering the resources required to do so.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/157},
	author = {Robert Charpentier and Mourad Debbabi}
}
@article {93,
	title = {Competitive Open Source},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {07/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Peter Carbone describes insights gained from a joint industry-university research project.},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/93},
	author = {Peter Carbone}
}
@article {56,
	title = {Supporting Not-for-Profits: an Opportunity for the Commons},
	journal = {Open Source Business Resource},
	year = {2007},
	month = {11/2007},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	type = {Articles},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {In 2004, the Nonprofit Open Source Initiative (NOSI) released "Choosing and Using Free and Open Source Software: A Primer for Nonprofits". The primer describes the potential impact that Free/Libre and Open Source Software (F/LOSS) might have on the not-for-profit (NFP) sector. In a recently released update, the primer concludes that, despite many advances in the use of F/LOSS in the sector over the past several years, a real and perceived lack of support remains a significant barrier to the increased adoption of F/LOSS by NFPs. 

Support is often the last thing people think of when they think of F/LOSS and NFPs. Instead, people tend to focus on the price, which is of particular importance to cash-strapped NFPs. There is a widely held belief that free software represents a cost savings to NFPs. 
},
	issn = {1913-6102},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/56},
	author = {Jason C{\^o}t{\'e} and Julian Egelstaff}
}
